← New search

2002 Mazda Mpv

Owner reports · Recalls · Investigations

More warning signs than most Mpv years

Owner complaints for the 2002 Mazda Mpv are substantially higher than the model-year median of 36.

About this comparison →

How this year compares

Owner complaints by model year

Other model years Selected year
Compare all Mpv years →

Counts vary with age, sales and reporting. They are not failure rates.

What owners reported most

All reported categories

Tap a category to read its complaints. One report may name several components.

When problems were reported

Mileage at the reported incident

92 reports with mileage · 32 unknown

NHTSA’s mileage field refers to the reported incident, not necessarily the filing date. This shows report counts, not the likelihood of a failure.

What to inspect

Issues worth paying extra attention to based on owner reports.

  • Power Train. Review the 66 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Engine And Engine Cooling. Review the 23 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Electrical System. Review the 9 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →

NHTSA owner reports · September 18, 2026 snapshot.

4 crash reports5 fire reports6 injury reports

Power Train complaints

66 reports
Clear category filter
104,000 miles · Nov 26, 2008
Power Train

MY VAN STARTED JERKING INTO 2ND GEAR AND IT HAD NO PICKUP, I COULD FEEL IT NOT CATCHING GEARS SO I TOOK IT TO MY MECHANIC AND THEY SAY IT NEEDS A NEW TRANSMISSION. IT WILL COST BETWEEN $2000 AND $4000 TO FIX. *TR

NHTSA ODI #10249909

59,000 miles · Sep 29, 2008
Power Train

I WAS DRIVING OUR 2002 MAZDA MPV, WITH ONLY 59000 MILES ON IT. WE PURCHASED THE VEHICLE NEW IN 2002. IN THIS INCIDENT, I SUDDENLY FOUND THAT WHILE DRIVING AT ABOUT 38 MPH, I TRIED TO ACCELERATE (TO 40 MPH), AND THE VEHICLE DECELERATED INSTEAD. I REPEATEDLY TRIED THIS, AND THE VEHICLE KEPT SLOWING INSTEAD OF ACCELERATING. WE…

Read full complaint

I WAS DRIVING OUR 2002 MAZDA MPV, WITH ONLY 59000 MILES ON IT. WE PURCHASED THE VEHICLE NEW IN 2002. IN THIS INCIDENT, I SUDDENLY FOUND THAT WHILE DRIVING AT ABOUT 38 MPH, I TRIED TO ACCELERATE (TO 40 MPH), AND THE VEHICLE DECELERATED INSTEAD. I REPEATEDLY TRIED THIS, AND THE VEHICLE KEPT SLOWING INSTEAD OF ACCELERATING. WE TURNED THE CAR OFF, CHANGED DRIVERS IN THE SHOULDER, AND REPEATED THE SAME PROBLEM. THERE WERE NO WARNING LIGHTS, JUST WORSENING OF THE PROBLEM, WITH EXTREME SLOWING. WE MANAGED TO GET THE VAN TO A SERVICE STATION. WE WERE JUST INFORMED THAT THE TRANSMISSION NEEDS TO BE REPLACED. SOMETHING APPARENTLY SNAPPED IN THE TRANSMISSION, WITH NO WARNING. THE CAR WILL GO IN REVERSE, BUT WILL NOT GO FORWARD. WE WERE HEADED FOR THE HIGHWAY THAT DAY, AND ARE FORTUNATE THIS HAPPENED WHERE IT DID, NOT ON A HIGHWAY, BUT ON A SMALLER ROAD RIGHT NEAR A SERVICE STATION. WE ARE VERY LUCKY AND EXTREMELY FRUSTRATED WITH MAZDA. THIS SEVERE AND POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS PROBLEM COULD HAPPEN WITH NO WARNING, ON A WELL-MAINTAINED VEHICLE WITH RELATIVELY LOW MILEAGE. THE ENGINE IS BEING REBUILT FOR $2400, AND WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO BORROW A CAR FOR THE DURATION OF THE REPAIR. AND BY THE LOOKS OF IT, MANY OWNERS OF THE 2002 MAZDA HAVE HAD THE SAME PROBLEM! *TR

NHTSA ODI #10243886

85,000 miles · Jul 14, 2008
Engine And Engine CoolingFuel System, GasolinePower Train

SINCE NEW, HESITATES BETWEEN 40-50 MPH, CAUSING SUDDEN LOSS OF POWER, HIGH RPMS BUT NO ACCELERATION. REMOVING FOOT FROM GAS VAN SOMETIMES RECOVERS. HAS HAD TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE REPLACED AS A RESULT, THEN IGNITION COILS WERE BLAMED AND THOSE WERE REPLACED ONE BY ONE, SOMETIMES MORE THAN ONCE, THEN COOLANT TEMPERATURE SEN…

Read full complaint

SINCE NEW, HESITATES BETWEEN 40-50 MPH, CAUSING SUDDEN LOSS OF POWER, HIGH RPMS BUT NO ACCELERATION. REMOVING FOOT FROM GAS VAN SOMETIMES RECOVERS. HAS HAD TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE REPLACED AS A RESULT, THEN IGNITION COILS WERE BLAMED AND THOSE WERE REPLACED ONE BY ONE, SOMETIMES MORE THAN ONCE, THEN COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR WENT, NOW AT 85,000 TRANSMISSION WENT. EACH EVENT STRANDED MY FAMILY BY THE SIDE OF THE ROAD AND CAR HAD TO BE TOWED. *TR

NHTSA ODI #10234245

Mileage unknown · Jul 9, 2008
Power Train

THIS COMPLAINT MAY NOT BE ABOUT A SAFETY ISSUE OF MY 2002 MAZDA MPV VAN. HOWEVER, IT'S DEFINITELY ABOUT PART DESIGN DEFECTS. OVER YEARS, I WAS STRUGGLING TO SOLVE ENGINE LIGHT-ON WHICH TOOK PLACE EVERY ONCE WHILE. RECENTLY, THE THING GOT WORSE - ENGINE IDLE ROUGH, ENGINE LACK OF POWER, JERKING AT SPEED HIGHER THAN 40 MPH OR AT …

Read full complaint

THIS COMPLAINT MAY NOT BE ABOUT A SAFETY ISSUE OF MY 2002 MAZDA MPV VAN. HOWEVER, IT'S DEFINITELY ABOUT PART DESIGN DEFECTS. OVER YEARS, I WAS STRUGGLING TO SOLVE ENGINE LIGHT-ON WHICH TOOK PLACE EVERY ONCE WHILE. RECENTLY, THE THING GOT WORSE - ENGINE IDLE ROUGH, ENGINE LACK OF POWER, JERKING AT SPEED HIGHER THAN 40 MPH OR AT UP-SLOPE. AFTER LONG TIME STRUGGLE, I'VE FINALLY FOUND THE PROBLEM, WHICH WAS CAUSED BY A PCV HOSE FAILURE. I'VE NEVER THOUGHT IT WAS A PCV HOSE PROBLEM, BECAUSE THE ORIGINAL PCV HOSE (PART # AJ51-13-89) HAS BEEN RECALLED BY MAZDA AND REPLACED BY NEW ONE (PART # AJ51-13-89YA, IT LOOKS LIKE REVISION A) BACK TO YEARS AGO. I'VE THOUGHT MAZDA HAS SOLVED THE PROBLEM. OBVIOUSLY, IT?S NOT YET. THIS TIME THE PCV HOSE HAS FAILED AGAIN, AND IT'S SO WEAK THAT THE HOSE COLLAPSED AGAIN UNDER VACUUM PRESSURE. TO FIX THE PROBLEM, I ORDERED A NEW HOSE, PART # AJ51-13-89YB. IF YOU LOOK AT THE PART # CAREFULLY, YOU CAN INFER THAT MAZDA HAS REALIZED THAT THEIR REVISION A HOSE DIDN?T WORK, WHICH WAS USED TO REPLACE THE ORIGINAL UNDER RECALL # 2204H, BECAUSE THEY HAVE RE--DESIGNED REVISION B HOSE. IT?S CLEARLY THAT THE ORIGINAL HOSE AND REVISION A HAD DESIGN DEFECTS. HOWEVER, THEY HAVEN?T ISSUE A RECALL TO REPLACE REVISION A YET THIS TIME. MAZDA SHOULD REALLY RECALL THIS PCV HOSE AGAIN. THE THING IS EVEN BAD TO CUSTOMERS. BECAUSE THE DESIGN DEFECTS AND UNCERTAINTY OF THE PART MAKE THE HOSE REALLY SPECIAL, NO RETAIL STORES CARRY THIS HOSE. THE ONLY PLACE YOU CAN FIND IT IS AT MAZDA DEALERSHIP, AND IT COSTS $67, MUCH MORE EXPENSIVE. IT?S JUST A RUBBER HOSE, USUALLY A COUPLE OF DOLLARS. *TR

NHTSA ODI #10233714

95,000 miles · Jun 17, 2008
Power Train

WE HAVE SENT IN OUR MAZDA MPV 2002 VAN INTO 3 DIFFERENT DEALERSHIPS SIX TIMES FOR THE SAME TRANSMISSION ISSUES. EVERYONE EXCEPT ONE GAVE US A COULD NOT REPLICATE PROBLEM ANSWER. HOWEVER, THE ONE DEALERSHIP THAT COULD REPLICATE THE PROBLEM SAID IT WAS THE MECHANICS OF THE TRANSMISSION AND WE SHOULD NOT WORRY BUT LOGGED IN AN IN…

Read full complaint

WE HAVE SENT IN OUR MAZDA MPV 2002 VAN INTO 3 DIFFERENT DEALERSHIPS SIX TIMES FOR THE SAME TRANSMISSION ISSUES. EVERYONE EXCEPT ONE GAVE US A COULD NOT REPLICATE PROBLEM ANSWER. HOWEVER, THE ONE DEALERSHIP THAT COULD REPLICATE THE PROBLEM SAID IT WAS THE MECHANICS OF THE TRANSMISSION AND WE SHOULD NOT WORRY BUT LOGGED IN AN INCIDENT DURING OUR WARRANTY IN CASE WE HAD PROBLEMS IN THE FUTURE. THEY ALSO INDICATED THAT IT WOULD BE HANDLED AS A WARRANTY PROBLEM WHEN AND IF THE PROBLEM BECAME WORSE AND NEEDED REPAIRED. NOW, THE PROBLEM OCCURS ALL OF THE TIME WITH 3,4,5 GEARS SHIFTING HARD. MAZDA HAS NOT CORRECTED THIS ISSUE AND WANTS TO CHARGE ME MONEY FOR THE REPAIRS. AFTER CONSULTING TWO TRANSMISSION SPECIALIST, THEY SAID IT NEEDED A REBUILT OR REPLACED TRANSMISSION. *TR

NHTSA ODI #10231386

76,776 miles · Apr 6, 2008
Power Train

O/D LIGHT FLASHING AND HARSH SHIFT. MY FAMILY AND I WAS PLANNING TO TAKE A TRIP TO WILLIAMSBURG VA, AND WHEN I START THE VAN, I DISCOVERED THE O/D (OVER DRIVE) LIGHT IS FLASHING AND HARSH SHIFTS. I TOOK THE VAN TO AMOCO AND ASK TO CHECK MY TRANSMISSION. THE SERVICE TECH TOLD ME EVERYTHING IS NORMAL, HOWEVER WE NOTICED YOUR GEARS…

Read full complaint

O/D LIGHT FLASHING AND HARSH SHIFT. MY FAMILY AND I WAS PLANNING TO TAKE A TRIP TO WILLIAMSBURG VA, AND WHEN I START THE VAN, I DISCOVERED THE O/D (OVER DRIVE) LIGHT IS FLASHING AND HARSH SHIFTS. I TOOK THE VAN TO AMOCO AND ASK TO CHECK MY TRANSMISSION. THE SERVICE TECH TOLD ME EVERYTHING IS NORMAL, HOWEVER WE NOTICED YOUR GEARS ARE NOT SHIFTING SMOOTHLY. THEY COULD GET ANY CODE OF WHAT CAUSING. I LEFT THEIR SHOP AND STOPPED BY COTTMAN TRANSMISSION. THEY ALSO SCANNED AND COULDN'T GET ANY CODE; THEY ALSO TEST DRIVE THE VAN AND ALSO NOTICED SAME THING THAT AMOCO HAS TOLD ME. THE TECH HAS ASKED ME TO TAKE TO THE DEALER AND GIVE THIS BULLETIN # 05-001/04 (HARSH SHIFTS - REFLASH PCM). I DROPPED THE CAR TO THE DEALER OVER NIGHT AND MENTION WHAT HAVE HAPPENED AND ALSO MENTIONED THE BULLETIN NUMBER. I HAVE RECEIVED A CALL THE FOLLOWING MORNING FROM THE DEALER SERVICE DEPARTMENT. THE SERVICE ADVISER HAS TOLD ME THAT I NEED A NEW TRANSMISSION AND WHEN I ASK HOW MUCH, HE SAID IT WILL COST TO YOU ABOUT $3200. THIS SHOCKED ME AND DECIDED TO DO SOME RESEARCH. I FOUND OUT THIS HAS HAPPENED TO THOUSAND OF MPV 2002 OWNERS, WHICH ONE FORUM HAS SUGGESTED THAT I SHOULD FILE A COMPLAIN HERE. *TR

NHTSA ODI #10223513

83,000 miles · Feb 22, 2008
Power Train

WE HAVE 83000 MILES ON OUR VEHICLE. WE HAVE TAKEN OUR VEHICLE IN FOR THE REQUIRED CHECK UPS AT 20K, 30K,,FOR ISSUES CONCERNING AIR SENSORS. WE HAD NOT RECEIVED ANY CAUTION BY THE DEALER THAT WE MAY HAVE ISSUES WITH ANY PART DEALING WITH THE POWERTRAIN EVEN AFTER THE DEALER "26 POINT INSPECTION" THEY ALWAYS TALK ABOUT. MY FA…

Read full complaint

WE HAVE 83000 MILES ON OUR VEHICLE. WE HAVE TAKEN OUR VEHICLE IN FOR THE REQUIRED CHECK UPS AT 20K, 30K,,FOR ISSUES CONCERNING AIR SENSORS. WE HAD NOT RECEIVED ANY CAUTION BY THE DEALER THAT WE MAY HAVE ISSUES WITH ANY PART DEALING WITH THE POWERTRAIN EVEN AFTER THE DEALER "26 POINT INSPECTION" THEY ALWAYS TALK ABOUT. MY FAMILY WAS DRIVING FROM A DOCTOR APPOINTMENT, AND THE TRANSMISSION STARTED JERKING IN AND OUT OF GEAR. WE CALLED THE DEALER, AND WERE INFORMED THAT THE CAR COULD HAVE A TRANSMISSION ISSUE AND NOT TO DRIVE IT. NOBODY WAS INJURED THROUGH THE JERKING MOTIONS OF THE CAR, BUT LUCKILY, WE WERE IN OUR NEIGHBORHOOD WHEN IT HAPPENED. IT WAS TOWED TO OUR DEALER FOR A DIAGNOSIS, AND WE WERE INFORMED THAT IT NEEDED A NEW TRANSMISSION. *TR

NHTSA ODI #10218906

7,000 miles · Feb 11, 2008
Engine And Engine CoolingPower Train

TL*THE CONTACT OWNS A 2002 MAZDA MPV. AS SOON AS THE WARRANTY EXPIRED, THE CONTACT EXPERIENCED FAILURES WITH HER VEHICLE. THE DEALER STATED THAT THE VEHICLE HAD MAJOR ENGINE FAILURE. SINCE THE SUMMER OF 2007, THE ENTIRE VEHICLE VIBRATES WHEN DRIVING 40-50 MPH AND STALLS WHEN APPROACHING A STOP. THE VEHICLE IS ABLE TO BE REST…

Read full complaint

TL*THE CONTACT OWNS A 2002 MAZDA MPV. AS SOON AS THE WARRANTY EXPIRED, THE CONTACT EXPERIENCED FAILURES WITH HER VEHICLE. THE DEALER STATED THAT THE VEHICLE HAD MAJOR ENGINE FAILURE. SINCE THE SUMMER OF 2007, THE ENTIRE VEHICLE VIBRATES WHEN DRIVING 40-50 MPH AND STALLS WHEN APPROACHING A STOP. THE VEHICLE IS ABLE TO BE RESTARTED. THE DEALER STATED THAT CYLINDER THREE WAS MISFIRING AND INFORMED THE CONTACT THAT NEWER MODELS HAVE BEEN UPGRADED. WHEN THE VEHICLE STALLED, THE CHECK ENGINE LIGHT ILLUMINATED, BUT THERE WAS NO BRAKE OR STEERING FAILURE. THE CONTACT ALSO SMELLED ROTTEN EGGS IN THE PASSENGER COMPARTMENT. THE TRANSMISSION WAS REPAIRED AND THE CATALYTIC CONVERTER WAS REPLACED, IN ADDITION TO OTHER SMALL FAILURES. THE VEHICLE BEGAN RUSTING WITHIN THE FIRST YEAR OF BEING PURCHASED. THE VIN, PURCHASE DATE, ENGINE SIZE, NUMBER OF CYLINDERS, TRANSMISSION TYPE, POWERTRAIN, AND FUEL SYSTEM WERE UNKNOWN. THE CURRENT MILEAGE WAS 67,000 AND FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 7,000.

NHTSA ODI #10218324

53,575 miles · Jan 14, 2008
Power Train

TRANSMISSION FAILURE, WHILE 200 MI AWAY FROM HOME, OVER $3,000.00 USD DAMAGE. *TR

NHTSA ODI #10214710

79,600 miles · Jan 5, 2008
Power Train

VEHICLE HAS 79600 MILES ON IT. I AM THE ORIGINAL OWNER AND HAVE MAINTAINED THE CAR WELL. THE TRANSMISSION HAS COMPLETELY FAILED AND NEEDS TO BE REBUILT TO THE TUNE OF $3500. MAZDA SEEMS TO BE TAKING THIER TIME GETTING IN TOUCH WITH ME. THEY HAD DENIED THAT THIS IS A CRONIC PROBLEM. THIS WILL BE THE LAST MAZDA I WILL OWN IF THE …

Read full complaint

VEHICLE HAS 79600 MILES ON IT. I AM THE ORIGINAL OWNER AND HAVE MAINTAINED THE CAR WELL. THE TRANSMISSION HAS COMPLETELY FAILED AND NEEDS TO BE REBUILT TO THE TUNE OF $3500. MAZDA SEEMS TO BE TAKING THIER TIME GETTING IN TOUCH WITH ME. THEY HAD DENIED THAT THIS IS A CRONIC PROBLEM. THIS WILL BE THE LAST MAZDA I WILL OWN IF THE MAZDA USA CANNOT LIVE UP TO THE FACT THAT THE TRANSMISSIONS ARE FAULTY. *CN

NHTSA ODI #10213823

Official recalls

4

04V234000 · Vehicle Speed Control:cables

May 19, 2004

ON CERTAIN MINIVANS EQUIPPED WITH CRUISE CONTROL, THE CRUISE CONTROL ACTUATOR CABLE MAY BE BROKEN DUE TO INSUFFICIENT STRENGTH (GROUP 1). ALSO INCLUDED ARE CERTAIN 2000-2001 MINIVANS EQUIPPED WITH CRUISE CONTROL BUILT BETWEEN MARCH 31, 1999 AND MARCH 31, 2001, THAT HAVE HAD THE CRUISE CONTROL REPAIRED AND POSSIBLY HAD A DEFECTIVE CABLE INSTALLED DURING THAT REPAIR (GROUP 2).

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THE BROKEN ACTUATOR CABLE MAY BE OUT OF POSITION AND COULD INTERFERE WITH THE OPERATION OF THE ACCELERATOR CABLE, PREVENTING A DECREASE IN ENGINE SPEED WHILE DRIVING, INCREASING THE RISK OF A CRASH.

Remedy: DEALERS WILL REPLACE THE ACTUATOR CABLE. OWNER NOTIFICATION FOR VEHICLES INVOLVED IN GROUP 1 BEGAN ON JULY 7, 2004. OWNER NOTIFICATION FOR VEHICLES INVOLVED IN GROUP 2 BEGAN ON SEPTEMBER 10, 2004. OWNERS SHOULD CONTACT MAZDA AT 1-800-222-5500.

03V206000 · Exterior Lighting:fog Lights

Jun 5, 2003

ON CERTAIN MINI VANS AND PASSENGER VEHICLES, THE SOCKET HOLDER IN THE FOG LIGHTS IS INSTALLED IN THE LAMP CASING USING PRESSURE. DURING OPERATION OF THE FOG LIGHT, THE HEAT FROM THE BULB CAN EXPAND THE SOCKET HOLDER. THE EXPANSION CAN FORCE THE SOCKET HOLDER REARWARD. AFTER REPEATEDLY BEING SUBJECT TO THIS EXPANSION, IF THE FOG LIGHT IS ALSO SUBJECTED TO VIBRATION DURING VEHICLE OPERATION, THE SOCKET HOLDER WITH THE BULB HOLDER AND THE WIRING HARNESS MAY SEPARATE FROM THE FOG LIGHT CASING.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: SHOULD THIS OCCUR, THE BULB SOCKET AND THE HARNESS CAN DROP INSIDE THE BUMPER AND POSSIBLY BUT RARELY, THE HEAT GENERATED BY THE BULB CAN CAUSE THE BUMPER TO BURN.

Remedy: DEALERS WILL INSTALL A SPRING TO PREVENT THE SOCKET HOLDER FROM SEPARATING FROM THE LAMP CASE. OWNER NOTIFICATION BEGAN ON JULY 14, 2003. OWNERS WHO TAKE THEIR VEHICLES TO AN AUTHORIZED DEALER ON AN AGREED UPON SERVICE DATE AND DO NOT RECEIVE THE FREE REMEDY WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME SHOULD CONTACT MAZDA AT 1-800-222-5500.

03V053000 · Exterior Lighting:fog Lights

Feb 13, 2003

ON CERTAIN MINI VANS EQUIPPED WITH FRONT FOG LIGHTS,THE FOG LIGHT BULB SOCKET MAY HAVE BEEN INSTALLED IMPROPERLY.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: IF THE VEHICLE CONTINUES TO BE USED WITH THIS CONDITION, THE BULB SOCKET AND THE WIRING HARNESS MAY SEPARATE FROM THE FOG LIGHT HOUSING IF EXPOSED TO SHOCK AND/OR VIBRATION AND DROP INSIDE THE BUMPER. SHOULD THIS OCCUR, THE OPERATION OF THE FOG LIGHT MAY THEN CAUSE THE BUMPER TO BURN.

Remedy: DEALERS WILL INSPECT THE INSTALLATION CONDITION OF THE FOG LIGHT BULB ASSEMBLY, AND REPAIR IT WHEN NECESSARY. OWNER NOTIFICATION BEGAN MARCH 31, 2003. OWNERS WHO TAKE THEIR VEHICLES TO AN AUTHORIZED DEALER ON AN AGREED UPON SERVICE DATE AND DO NOT RECEIVE THE FREE REMEDY WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME SHOULD CONTACT MAZDA AT 1-800-222-5500.

02V078000 · Equipment:other:labels

Mar 20, 2002

CERTAIN MINI VANS FAIL TO COMPLY TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARD NO. 120, "TIRE SELECTION AND RIMS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES OTHER THAN PASSENGER CARS." AN INCORRECT GROSS AXLE WEIGHT RATING (GAWR) WAS INDICATED ON THE CERTIFICATION LABEL.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: Not supplied

Remedy: OWNERS WILL BE MAILED ACCURATE CERTIFICATION LABELS AND INSERTS FOR THE OWNER'S MANUAL. OWNER NOTIFICATION BEGAN JUNE 12, 2002. OWNERS WHO TAKE THEIR VEHICLES TO AN AUTHORIZED DEALER ON AN AGREED UPON SERVICE DATE AND DO NOT RECEIVE THE FREE REMEDY WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME SHOULD CONTACT MAZDA AT 1-800-222-5500.

Model-level recall history does not show whether a particular VIN is affected or has received a repair. Check a VIN with NHTSA ↗

NHTSA investigations

0

No exact-year investigations in this snapshot.