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2012 Dodge RAM 2500

Owner reports · Recalls · Investigations

Similar to other model years

Owner complaints for the 2012 Dodge RAM 2500 do not stand out strongly from the model-year median of 275.

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When problems were reported

Mileage at the reported incident

179 reports with mileage · 104 unknown

NHTSA’s mileage field refers to the reported incident, not necessarily the filing date. This shows report counts, not the likelihood of a failure.

What to inspect

Issues worth paying extra attention to based on owner reports.

  • Steering. Review the 109 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Electrical System. Review the 51 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Engine. Review the 44 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →

NHTSA owner reports · September 18, 2026 snapshot.

8 crash reports12 fire reports4 injury reports

Power Train complaints

35 reports
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Mileage unknown · Jun 26, 2024
Power TrainCrash

Recall T79 or 17V-821 or break transmission shift pin stuck in open position. This is the 2nd time this has happened and serious damage has occurred to the vehicle. Dodge won't do anything about it. Vehicle was parked, turned off, no key. I came out of building and it shifted into gear on its own and rolled backwards into a pol…

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Recall T79 or 17V-821 or break transmission shift pin stuck in open position. This is the 2nd time this has happened and serious damage has occurred to the vehicle. Dodge won't do anything about it. Vehicle was parked, turned off, no key. I came out of building and it shifted into gear on its own and rolled backwards into a pole.

NHTSA ODI #11596979

220,000 miles · Sep 20, 2023
Power Train

The contact owns a 2012 Ram 2500. The contact stated while the vehicle was parked, the vehicle rolled away. The contact was standing near the vehicle with the key fob. There were no warning lights illuminated. The local dealer was not contacted. The vehicle was not diagnosed or repaired. The contact related the failure to NHTSA …

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The contact owns a 2012 Ram 2500. The contact stated while the vehicle was parked, the vehicle rolled away. The contact was standing near the vehicle with the key fob. There were no warning lights illuminated. The local dealer was not contacted. The vehicle was not diagnosed or repaired. The contact related the failure to NHTSA Campaign Number: 17V821000 (Power Train). The manufacturer was not contacted. The failure mileage was approximately 220,000.

NHTSA ODI #11545591

240,000 miles · Sep 25, 2020
Power Train

MY WIFE AND I WERE GOING DOWN THE HIGHWAY AT 75 MPH WHEN THERE WAS A SUDDEN VIBRATION THEN A LOUD BANG, AND THERE WAS SOMETHING HITTING UNDERNEATH THE FLOOR. I WAS ABLE TO GET IN THE BREAKDOWN LANE. I LOOKED UNDERNEATH THE TRUCK AND THE FRONT DRIVE SHAFT WAS MISSING AND MOST OF THE TRANSFER CASE. I WENT BACK AND CLEANED ALL THE …

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MY WIFE AND I WERE GOING DOWN THE HIGHWAY AT 75 MPH WHEN THERE WAS A SUDDEN VIBRATION THEN A LOUD BANG, AND THERE WAS SOMETHING HITTING UNDERNEATH THE FLOOR. I WAS ABLE TO GET IN THE BREAKDOWN LANE. I LOOKED UNDERNEATH THE TRUCK AND THE FRONT DRIVE SHAFT WAS MISSING AND MOST OF THE TRANSFER CASE. I WENT BACK AND CLEANED ALL THE STUFF OFF THE ROAD. ALSO AFTER FURTHER EXAMINATION THERE WAS A LARGE HOLE IN THE TRANSMISSION HOUSING FROM THE FRONT DRIVE SHAFT HITTING IT AND THE BRAKE LINES AND OTHER LINES AND HOSES IN THE VICINITY WERE DESTROYED.THE INS CO. WOULD NOT COVER IT AND THE REPAIR BILL WAS IN EXCESS OF 10,000.

NHTSA ODI #11361099

50,000 miles · Apr 2, 2019
Power TrainSuspensionWheels

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2012 RAM 2500. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE REAR AXLES SEIZED AND THE REAR TIRES SLID WHILE OPERATING THE VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE SLID OFF THE ROAD DUE TO THE FAILURE. THERE WERE NO WARNING INDICATORS ILLUMINATED. THE DEALER WAS NOT CONTACTED. THE CONTACT WAS A MECHANIC AND DIAGNOSED THAT THE VEHICLE NEEDED A …

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TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2012 RAM 2500. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE REAR AXLES SEIZED AND THE REAR TIRES SLID WHILE OPERATING THE VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE SLID OFF THE ROAD DUE TO THE FAILURE. THERE WERE NO WARNING INDICATORS ILLUMINATED. THE DEALER WAS NOT CONTACTED. THE CONTACT WAS A MECHANIC AND DIAGNOSED THAT THE VEHICLE NEEDED A FILL PLUG AND NEW GEAR OIL. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED BECAUSE THE CONTACT DID NOT HAVE THE PROPER FILL COVER FOR THE FILL PLUG. THE MANUFACTURER WAS MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE AND DID NOT ASSIST. THE DEALER WAS NOT CONTACTED. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 50,000. THE VIN WAS UNKNOWN.

NHTSA ODI #11193335

132,000 miles · Feb 13, 2019
Power Train

I OWN A 2012 RAM 2500 6 SPEED MANUAL TRANSMISSION WITH 130 THOUSAND MILES ON IT FIRST. I WAS DRIVING DOWN ON AN INTERSTATE IN DAN ANTONIO GOING AROUND 70 MPH WHEN I HEAR AND FEEL A BAD VIBRATION. I START TO SLOW DOWN WHEN I HEAR A LOUD BANG AND FEEL SOMETHING HIT THE FLOORBOARD. IT HIT SO HARD THE PENS I HAD NEXT TO THE SHIFTER …

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I OWN A 2012 RAM 2500 6 SPEED MANUAL TRANSMISSION WITH 130 THOUSAND MILES ON IT FIRST. I WAS DRIVING DOWN ON AN INTERSTATE IN DAN ANTONIO GOING AROUND 70 MPH WHEN I HEAR AND FEEL A BAD VIBRATION. I START TO SLOW DOWN WHEN I HEAR A LOUD BANG AND FEEL SOMETHING HIT THE FLOORBOARD. IT HIT SO HARD THE PENS I HAD NEXT TO THE SHIFTER FLEW TO THE BACKSEAT. I IMMEDIATELY LOSE MY CLUTCH (SLAVE CYLINDER WAS SMASHED) AND I LIMP IT TO THE SIDE OF THE ROAD. I MAKE IT TO THE SHOULDER PUT MY FLASHERS AND TURN THE TRUCK OFF. I GET OUT AND MY FRONT DRIVE SHAFT IS COMPLETELY GONE AND SO IS HALF OF MY TRANSFER CASE ALONG WITH THE SLAVE CYLINDER TO WORK MY CLUTCH. MY FUEL AND BRAKE LINES ARE INTACT BUT ARE PULLED DOWN BELOW THE FRAME. I INFORM MY INSURANCE IMMEDIATELY, AND THEY COME OUT TO INSPECT IT, AND SAY IT WAS MECHANICAL. SINCE I DIDN'T HAVE MECHANICAL COVERAGE ON MY FULL COVERAGE THERE IS NOTHING THEY WILL DO. I HAVE MY MECHANIC LOOK AT IT AND SAY THE VIBRATION CAUSED MY BOLTS THAT HOLD THE FRONT DRIVE SHAFT TO THE FRONT DIFFERENTIAL SHEARED OFF AND THE SHAFT GOT LODGED INTO THE GROUND CAUSING IT TO BREAK THE TRANSFER CASE IN HALF. FROM WHAT I'VE BEEN TOLD THIS IS MORE OF AN ISSUE THAN RAM WANTS TO LEAD ON. TRANSFER CASES ARE HARD TO GET AHOLD OF SAME AS THE DRIVE SHAFT. SO FAR I HAVE GOTTEN THE SLAVE CYLINDER MASTER CYLINDER REPLACED FOR 150 DOLLARS. I'VE BEEN QUOTED UPWARDS TO 2000 DOLLARS FOR A REMANUFACTURED TRANSFER CASE. SINCE THEY DON'T COME WITH THE MOTOR THAT IS ANOTHER 300 DOLLARS. THEN THE FRONT DRIVE SHAFT COST AROUND 700 TO 750 DOLLARS. TO PAY MY MECHANIC FOR THE WORK HE IS GOING TO DO IT FOR 500 DOLLARS. A TOTAL OF 3650 WITH ANOTHER 150 TO TOW IT BACK FROM THE SHOP SINCE MY INSURANCE REFUSED TO DO THAT FOR ME. A TOTAL OF 3800 DOLLARS BECAUSE THE CV JOINT WENT OUT WITHOUT ANY WARNINGS SIGNS.

NHTSA ODI #11176663

150,000 miles · Sep 25, 2018
Electrical SystemPower TrainUnknown Or Other

TRUCK WILL SHUT OFF WHILE DRIVING. SOMETIMES WILL START BACK UP A SECOND LATER, SOMETIMES NEED TO BRING IT TO A FULL STOP, TO RESTART THE TRUCK. IT WILL DO IT AT RANDOM NO MATTER WEATHER TYPE OF DRIVING, IT WILL JUST DO IT.

NHTSA ODI #11131529

65,000 miles · Aug 23, 2018
Power Train

HEARD CLUNKING NOISE WHILE SHIFTING BETWEEN REVERSE/DRIVE. TOOK TO DEALER AND THEY SAID THEY COULDN'T FIND ANYTHING. NOW IT IS OUT OF WARRANTY AND THE NOISE IS SO LOUD I AM AFRAID TO DRIVE IT. IT ONLY HAS 65000 MILES BUT IT IS OVER ON TIME BY ONE YEAR. SOUNDS LIKE IT IS FROM THE TRANSFER CASE AREA.

NHTSA ODI #11121962

100,000 miles · Aug 13, 2018
Air BagsEngineFuel System, Diesel

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2012 RAM 2500. THE CONTACT STATED THAT ALL THE WARNING INDICATORS ILLUMINATED AND THE GEAR SHIFTER FAILED TO SHIFT INTO PARK. THE CONTACT USED THE EMERGENCY BRAKE TO STOP THE VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE WAS TOWED TO LANDERS CHEVROLET OF NORMAN (1221 ED NOBLE PKWY, NORMAN, OK 73072, 405-321-7021), BUT WAS NOT DIAG…

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TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2012 RAM 2500. THE CONTACT STATED THAT ALL THE WARNING INDICATORS ILLUMINATED AND THE GEAR SHIFTER FAILED TO SHIFT INTO PARK. THE CONTACT USED THE EMERGENCY BRAKE TO STOP THE VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE WAS TOWED TO LANDERS CHEVROLET OF NORMAN (1221 ED NOBLE PKWY, NORMAN, OK 73072, 405-321-7021), BUT WAS NOT DIAGNOSED OR REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE CONTACT STATED THAT SHE WAS UNAWARE OF NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBERS: 14V635000 (ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING, FUEL SYSTEM, DIESEL), 15V459000 (AIR BAGS) ,AND 17V821000 (POWER TRAIN). THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS APPROXIMATELY 100,000. PARTS DISTRIBUTION DISCONNECT.

NHTSA ODI #11119573

Mileage unknown · Aug 10, 2018
Power Train

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2012 RAM 2500. THE CONTACT RECEIVED A RECALL NOTIFICATION FOR NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 17V821000 (POWER TRAIN) AND STATED THAT THE MANUFACTURER EXCEEDED A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME TO REPAIR THE VEHICLE. THE DEALER (LARRY H. MILLER CHRYSLER JEEP DODGE RAM BOISE, 222 S AUTO DRIVE, BOISE, ID 83709) CONFIRMED T…

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TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2012 RAM 2500. THE CONTACT RECEIVED A RECALL NOTIFICATION FOR NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 17V821000 (POWER TRAIN) AND STATED THAT THE MANUFACTURER EXCEEDED A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME TO REPAIR THE VEHICLE. THE DEALER (LARRY H. MILLER CHRYSLER JEEP DODGE RAM BOISE, 222 S AUTO DRIVE, BOISE, ID 83709) CONFIRMED THAT PARTS WERE NOT AVAILABLE TO PERFORM THE RECALL REPAIR. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT NOTIFIED. THE CONTACT HAD NOT EXPERIENCED A FAILURE. PARTS DISTRIBUTION DISCONNECT.

NHTSA ODI #11118938

Mileage unknown · May 31, 2018
Power TrainService Brakes

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2012 RAM 2500. THE CONTACT RECEIVED NOTIFICATION OF NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 17V821000 (POWER TRAIN); HOWEVER, THE PARTS TO DO THE REPAIR WERE UNAVAILABLE. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE MANUFACTURER EXCEEDED A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME FOR THE RECALL REPAIR. THE DEALER (CHARLIE'S DODGE CHRYSLER JEEP RAM IN MAU…

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TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2012 RAM 2500. THE CONTACT RECEIVED NOTIFICATION OF NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 17V821000 (POWER TRAIN); HOWEVER, THE PARTS TO DO THE REPAIR WERE UNAVAILABLE. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE MANUFACTURER EXCEEDED A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME FOR THE RECALL REPAIR. THE DEALER (CHARLIE'S DODGE CHRYSLER JEEP RAM IN MAUMEE, OH, (419) 893-0241) WAS CONTACTED AND CONFIRMED THAT THE PARTS WERE NOT AVAILABLE FOR THE RECALL REMEDY. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT NOTIFIED. THE CONTACT HAD NOT EXPERIENCED A FAILURE. PARTS DISTRIBUTION DISCONNECT.

NHTSA ODI #11099008

Official recalls

4

17V821000 · Power Train:automatic Transmission:lever And Linkage:column Shift

Dec 20, 2017

Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2016-2017 Ram 3500 Cab Chassis with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of less than 10,000 lbs, 2011-2017 Ram 3500, 4500 and 5500 Cab Chassis vehicles, 2009-2017 Ram 1500 and 2010-2017 Ram 2500 and 3500 pickup trucks, all equipped with a column shifter. Pushing the brake pedal for prolonged periods when the vehicle is running and in PARK may cause the Brake Transmission Shift Interlock (BTSI) pin to stick in the open position. With the pin in the open position, the transmission can be shifted out of PARK into any gear without pushing the brake pedal or having the key in the ignition.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: Being able to shift the transmission without pushing the brake pedal and/or without a key in the ignition can increase the risk of an unintended vehicle rollaway that may result in personal injury or a crash.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will update the vehicle software, inspect the BTSI, and, as necessary, replace it, free of charge. The recall began February 26, 2018. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is T79.

15V459000 · Air Bags:frontal

Jul 22, 2015

Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain model year 2012-2014 Ram 1500, 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500 trucks manufactured January 18, 2011, to October 7, 2014, and equipped with the Electronic Vehicle Information Center option. The affected vehicles have a steering wheel wiring harness that may rub against the driver air bag module retainer spring.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: This abrasion may result in an electrical short that could cause driver's frontal air bag to unexpectedly deploy. Inadvertent deployment of the air bag may increase the risk of injury and the possibility of a vehicle crash.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will inspect, repair as necessary, and secure the steering wheel wiring harness. Additionally, protective caps will be added to the air bag retainer spring ends. These repairs will be done free of charge. The recall began on September 18, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is R36.

14V635000 · Engine And Engine Cooling:engine:diesel; Fuel System, Diesel

Oct 8, 2014

Chrysler Group LLC (Chrysler) is recalling certain model year 2010-2014 Ram 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500 trucks manufactured March 27, 2009, to September 5, 2013. In the affected vehicles, the electrical connectors of the diesel fuel heater may overheat.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the connectors overheat, the fuel heater may leak fuel, increasing the risk of a fire.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will replace the harness side connector with a silver plated beryllium copper terminal service kit, and inspect the fuel heater for leaks, replacing it as necessary, free of charge. Chrysler issued interim notification to owners on December 8, 2014. The recall began on April 27, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is P65.

Additional source detail variants (2)

Fuel System, Diesel

Chrysler Group LLC (Chrysler) is recalling certain model year 2010-2014 Ram 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500 trucks manufactured March 27, 2009, to September 5, 2013. In the affected vehicles, the electrical connectors of the diesel fuel heater may overheat.

Consequence: If the connectors overheat, the fuel heater may leak fuel, increasing the risk of a fire.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will replace the harness side connector with a silver plated beryllium copper terminal service kit, and inspect the fuel heater for leaks, replacing it as necessary, free of charge. Chrysler issued interim notification to owners on December 8, 2014. The recall began on April 27, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is P65.

Engine And Engine Cooling:engine:diesel

Chrysler Group LLC (Chrysler) is recalling certain model year 2010-2014 Ram 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500 trucks manufactured March 27, 2009, to September 5, 2013. In the affected vehicles, the electrical connectors of the diesel fuel heater may overheat.

Consequence: If the connectors overheat, the fuel heater may leak fuel, increasing the risk of a fire.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will replace the harness side connector with a silver plated beryllium copper terminal service kit, and inspect the fuel heater for leaks, replacing it as necessary, free of charge. Chrysler issued interim notification to owners on December 8, 2014. The recall began on April 27, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is P65.

13V529000 · Steering:linkages:tie Rod Assembly

Nov 6, 2013

Chrysler Group LLC (Chrysler) is recalling certain model year 2008-2012 RAM 2500 4X4 and 3500 4X4 trucks, 2008-2012 Dodge RAM 3500 4x2 Cab Chassis, and model year 2008 Dodge RAM 1500 Mega Cab 4x4. The left tie rod assembly may break.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: A failure of the tie rod assembly may result in a loss of steering control, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: Chrysler notified owners on January 16, 2014 that dealers would inspect vehicles and replace the steering linkage assembly, if necessary. On or about February 27, 2014, Chrysler ceased its recall remedy program due to parts quality concerns, and then re-initiated it on or about April 14, 2014. In July 2015, and under a consent order with NHTSA, the company agreed to offer owners three options for remedying their vehicles: perform the original remedy, offer to repurchase the vehicle at the fair market value plus 10%, or offer an additional incentive offer towards the purchase of a new Dodge, Jeep, Chrysler, or Fiat vehicle. Chrysler will notify owners of the new recall options in a letter expected to be mailed on August 31, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler at 1-800-247-9753. Chrysler's recall campaign number is N49.

Model-level recall history does not show whether a particular VIN is affected or has received a repair. Check a VIN with NHTSA ↗

NHTSA investigations

1

EA19001 · Electrical Overstress

Opened Apr 19, 2019 · Closed Sep 19, 2024

Status: closed (inferred from source dates) · Air Bags: Air Bag/restraint Control Module

The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened this investigation to determine if the failure of airbags to deploy during severe crashes, in certain vehicles, was the result of a safety related defect.  During the investigation a complex failure was studied that can result in non-deployment of subject vehicle air bags and other restraint system devices in severe crash events. The subject vehicles may be equipped with an airbag control unit (ACU) for the supplemental restraint system (SRS) Electronic Control Unit (ECU) manufactured by ZF-TRW.  The ECU receives signals from crash sensors mounted in the vehicle and deploys the vehicle air bags and seat belt pretensioners in accordance with manufacturer design specifications.  The ECU in the subject vehicles contains a model DS84 application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) which controls the communication of the crash sensor signal, firing commands (i.e., when to deploy the airbag(s) and/or pretensioners), and fault information (e.g., diagnostic trouble codes). In September 2016, FCA announced recall 16V-668 for certain model year (MY) 2010 to 2014 Chrysler, Dodge and Jeep products manufactured with the subject ZF-TRW ACU.  In this recall, FCA discussed an EOS condition that resulted in a failure of the subject DS84 ASIC, which caused air bag non-deployment.  FCA noted that the defect condition had only been observed in vehicles equipped with sensor harnessing routed across the front of the vehicle.  Other FCA vehicles that also used the subject ACU, but were not equipped with cross-car harnessing, had not experienced EOS failures, despite similar time in service. During the course of this investigation, ODI sent two separate Information Request (IR) letters to six vehicle manufactures (including FCA, Hyundai, Honda, Kia, Mitsubishi, and Toyota) and one IR letter to ZF-TRW.  These IR letters resulted in ODI receiving comprehensive data from these manufacturers and suppliers. Studies of this data found that the DS84 ASIC does not have sufficient protection against negative electrical transients or electrical overstress (“EOS”) that can be generated in certain severe crashes.  An electrical transient occurs when the electrical power supplied to a circuit changes momentarily over a short duration of time.   In these severe crash cases, the crash sensors and other powered wiring can be damaged and short circuited so as to create a negative electrical transient of sufficient intensity and duration (that are outside the vehicle manufacturer's specification) to damage the ASIC before the restraint device deployment signal is received by the SRS ECU.  This damaged signal can lead to incomplete or nondeployment of the air bags and/or pretensioners.  Airbag non-deployment and/or lack of pretensioner operation can increase the risk or severity of injury in a crash.A total of 8 fatalities and 14 injuries were associated with known EOS events. The common element in all investigated manufacturers vehicles is the SRS ECU containing a DS84 ASIC manufactured by ZF-TRW.  The risk associated with the ASIC is equally shared among all OEMS involved in the investigation.  The actual real-world risk can be mitigated by other factors which were assessed by ODI during this investigation. The first mitigating factor involves protections built into the ACU design which protect the DS84 ASIC from damage.  There are multiple strategies and levels of protection employed by different OEMs that provide effective EOS mitigation.  The two most common strategies at the ACU level are circuit protection diodes on the remote senor signal lines, and current limiting resistors that protect critical components. The second mitigating factor is found at the vehicle level and involves the location and routing of the wires leading from the crash sensors to the SRS ECU.  If the wires are well protected in a crash and are not routed with other power wires carrying large currents, the risk for an EOS event is significantly reduced or eliminated. These design specific factors combine to produce a spectrum of risk for the vehicles equipped with ACUs using the DS84 ASIC.  Given the many of years of field exposure, it is possible to divide the subject population into two groups; vehicles which have experienced EOS events, and vehicles which have not experienced EOS field events. Four of the six OEMs involved in this investigation have experienced EOS field events on at least one of their models equipped with a DS84 ASIC.  All vehicle models (including the Toyota models identified in the Failure Report Summary of the opening resume for this investigation) with field events have been recalled.  In an abundance of caution, ODI kept this investigation open five years to monitor field performance and did not identify any field events on vehicles not included in existing safety recalls. Given the spectrum of risk identified in this investigation and that all vehicles with a demonstrated unreasonable risk have been recalled, ODI is closing this investigation. ODI is closing this investigation with the following manufacturer safety recalls: 16V-668, 18E-043, 18V-137, 18V-363, and 20V-024.  With the recall actions taken by the subject vehicle and equipment manufacturers, this investigation is closed. The closing of this investigation does not constitute a finding by NHTSA that a safety-related defect does not exists on other model or model year vehicles outside of the recall scopes. The agency reserves the right to take further action if warranted by the circumstances.