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2011 Dodge RAM 2500

Owner reports · Recalls · Investigations

Similar to other model years

Owner complaints for the 2011 Dodge RAM 2500 do not stand out strongly from the model-year median of 275.

About this comparison →

When problems were reported

Mileage at the reported incident

149 reports with mileage · 148 unknown

NHTSA’s mileage field refers to the reported incident, not necessarily the filing date. This shows report counts, not the likelihood of a failure.

What to inspect

Issues worth paying extra attention to based on owner reports.

  • Steering. Review the 210 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Suspension. Review the 37 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Engine. Review the 28 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →

NHTSA owner reports · September 18, 2026 snapshot.

3 crash reports6 fire reports3 injury reports

Steering complaints

210 reports
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Mileage unknown · Jun 25, 2014
Steering

I AM SEEING A LOT OF THE SAME COMPLAINTS WITH THIS RECALL. I AM GETTING THE SAME STORY THAT THEY ARE WAITING ON PARTS AND CANNOT PERFORM THIS RECALL NOW. THE DEALER DOES NOT KNOW WHEN PARTS ARE TO COME IN. MY CONCERN IS, ITS ALREADY BEEN WAY MORE THAN A FEW MONTHS SINCE I WENT INTO THE DEALER AND HAD THEM VERIFY MY TRUCK NEEDED …

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I AM SEEING A LOT OF THE SAME COMPLAINTS WITH THIS RECALL. I AM GETTING THE SAME STORY THAT THEY ARE WAITING ON PARTS AND CANNOT PERFORM THIS RECALL NOW. THE DEALER DOES NOT KNOW WHEN PARTS ARE TO COME IN. MY CONCERN IS, ITS ALREADY BEEN WAY MORE THAN A FEW MONTHS SINCE I WENT INTO THE DEALER AND HAD THEM VERIFY MY TRUCK NEEDED THE RECALL. I DON'T DRIVE MY TRUCK ON A DAILY BASIS BUT WHEN I AM USING IT I AM USUALLY HAULING MY DUMP TRAILER. I DON'T WANT TO BE THE CAUSE OF ME OR SOMEONE ELSE GETTING INJURED WHEN I KNOW THERE IS AN ISSUE WITH THE TRUCK LIKE THE STEERING MAY FAIL. I DON'T UNDERSTAND HOW THERE CANNOT BE ANY PARTS TO REPLACE THIS YET. *TR

NHTSA ODI #10605888

Mileage unknown · Jun 24, 2014
Steering

RECEIVED THE N49 / NHTSA 13V-529 LEFT TIE ROD RECALL NOTICE, MADE AN APPOINTMENT TO GET IT REPLACED ON 1/10/14 4 DAYS AFTER THE START OF THE RECALL. TOOK THE TRUCK IN TO DEERY BROTHERS IOWA CITY TO GET THE RECALL COMPLETED. INSTEAD OF DOING THE RECALL THEY SIMPLY LOOKED UNDER THE TRUCK AND VERIFIED IT WAS ONE THAT NEEDED THE REC…

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RECEIVED THE N49 / NHTSA 13V-529 LEFT TIE ROD RECALL NOTICE, MADE AN APPOINTMENT TO GET IT REPLACED ON 1/10/14 4 DAYS AFTER THE START OF THE RECALL. TOOK THE TRUCK IN TO DEERY BROTHERS IOWA CITY TO GET THE RECALL COMPLETED. INSTEAD OF DOING THE RECALL THEY SIMPLY LOOKED UNDER THE TRUCK AND VERIFIED IT WAS ONE THAT NEEDED THE RECALL, AND WOULD PUT ME ON THE LIST TO HAVE IT DONE. STATED THEY WOULD CONTACT ME WHEN PARTS COME IN. THIS WAS OVER 6 MONTHS AGO AND EVERY TIME I TALK TO THEM THEY SAY THEY ARE REPLACING PARTS AS FAST AS THEY COME IN. I JUST RECEIVED A SECOND LETTER FROM CHRYSLER TODAY STATING THIS IS AN IMPORTANT SAFETY RECALL AND SHOULD BE DONE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. I CALLED DEERY BROTHERS AGAIN THIS MORNING AND GOT THE SAME RESPONSE THAT THEY ONLY GET 2-3 SETS OF PARTS AT A TIME AND WILL LET ME KNOW WHEN MINE ARE AVAILABLE. THEY STATED THEY HAVE PEOPLE ON THE LIST THAT HAVE BEEN THERE QUITE A WHILE LONGER THAN ME. WHICH SEEMS FUNNY AS I WENT IN 4 DAYS AFTER THE RECALL STARTED. I DID CALL THE CHRYSLER GROUP RECALL ASSISTANCE CENTER LISTED ON THE RECALL AND GOT THE SAME RUNAROUND. I FEEL I AM DRIVING A TICKING TIME BOMB, THEY WERE UNABLE TO ANSWER MY QUESTION ABOUT WHO WOULD BE RESPONSIBLE IF THIS BREAKS GOING DOWN THE ROAD AND CAUSES AN ACCIDENT. I DO NOT USE MY TRUCK AS A CAR, USUALLY I AM CARRYING A HEAVY LOAD IN THE TRUCK AND/OR PULLING A TRAILER. I'M JUST CONCERNED ABOUT THE COLLATERAL DAMAGE THAT COULD OCCUR IN SUCH A CASE. I REALIZE THEY HAVE A LOT OF UNITS ON THE ROAD TO REFIT BUT, I THINK THEY NEED TO STEP UP AND GET THESE DONE. ONE FRIEND OF MINE HAD HIS BREAK ON HIM 300 MILES FROM HOME, JUST AFTER PULLING OFF INTERSTATE. HATE TO THINK IF IT HAD BROKE A FEW MILE EARLIER. I HATE TO DRIVE MY TRUCK RIGHT NOW BUT, CANNOT BE WITHOUT IT FOR WHAT APPEARS COULD BE A FULL YEAR. PLEASE LOOK INTO THE HANDLING OF THIS BY CHRYSLER. *TR

NHTSA ODI #10605608

Mileage unknown · Jun 23, 2014
Steering

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2011 DODGE RAM 2500. THE CONTACT RECEIVED A RECALL NOTICE FOR NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 13V529000 (STEERING); HOWEVER, THE PART FOR THE REPAIR WAS UNAVAILABLE. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOTIFIED. THE CONTACT HAD NOT EXPERIENCED A FAILURE.

NHTSA ODI #10605392

Mileage unknown · Jun 23, 2014
Steering

TL ' THE CONTACT OWNS A 2011 DODGE RAM 2500. THE CONTACT ATTEMPTED TO HAVE THE VEHICLE REPAIRED ACCORDING TO NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 13V529000 (STEERING); HOWEVER, THE PARTS WERE UNAVAILABLE. THE VEHICLE WAS UNABLE TO BE REPAIRED. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE MANUFACTURER EXCEEDED A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME TO REPAIR THE VEHIC…

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TL ' THE CONTACT OWNS A 2011 DODGE RAM 2500. THE CONTACT ATTEMPTED TO HAVE THE VEHICLE REPAIRED ACCORDING TO NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 13V529000 (STEERING); HOWEVER, THE PARTS WERE UNAVAILABLE. THE VEHICLE WAS UNABLE TO BE REPAIRED. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE MANUFACTURER EXCEEDED A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME TO REPAIR THE VEHICLE. THE CONTACT HAD NOT EXPERIENCED A FAILURE. JCC

NHTSA ODI #10605199

Mileage unknown · Jun 19, 2014
Steering

TL * THE CONTACT OWNS A 2011 DODGE RAM 2500. THE CONTACT WAS INCLUDED IN NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 13V529000 (STEERING). THE CONTACT WAS CONCERNED BECAUSE THE MANUFACTURER DID NOT HAVE PARTS AVAILABLE. THE DEALER INFORMED THE CONTACT THAT PARTS WOULD BE ORDERED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE CONTACT DID NOT EX…

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TL * THE CONTACT OWNS A 2011 DODGE RAM 2500. THE CONTACT WAS INCLUDED IN NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 13V529000 (STEERING). THE CONTACT WAS CONCERNED BECAUSE THE MANUFACTURER DID NOT HAVE PARTS AVAILABLE. THE DEALER INFORMED THE CONTACT THAT PARTS WOULD BE ORDERED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE CONTACT DID NOT EXPERIENCE THE FAILURE. UPDATED 09/02/14*LJ THE CONSUMER STATED AFTER 5 MONTHS THE VEHICLE WAS REPARED. UPDATED 09/10/2014 *JS

NHTSA ODI #10604542

Mileage unknown · Jun 18, 2014
Steering

2011 DODGE RAM 2500. CONSUMER WRITES IN REGARDS TO LEFT TIE ROD BALL STUD RECALL NOTICE. *SMD THE CONSUMER STATED AFTER THE RECALL WAS PERFORMED, HE NOTICED THE VEHICLE PULLED TO THE RIGHT AND THE STEERING WHEEL WAS NO LONGER CENTERED. THE DEALER INFORMED THE CONSUMER, THE WORK THEY PERFORMED, HAD NOTHING TO DO WITH THE VEHIC…

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2011 DODGE RAM 2500. CONSUMER WRITES IN REGARDS TO LEFT TIE ROD BALL STUD RECALL NOTICE. *SMD THE CONSUMER STATED AFTER THE RECALL WAS PERFORMED, HE NOTICED THE VEHICLE PULLED TO THE RIGHT AND THE STEERING WHEEL WAS NO LONGER CENTERED. THE DEALER INFORMED THE CONSUMER, THE WORK THEY PERFORMED, HAD NOTHING TO DO WITH THE VEHICLE PULLING. THE CONSUMER STATED THERE WAS NOTHING WRONG WITH THE VEHICLE, PRIOR TO TAKING IT TO THE DEALER. *JB

NHTSA ODI #10597191

Mileage unknown · Jun 16, 2014
Steering

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2011 DODGE RAM 2500. THE CONTACT STATED THAT SHE ATTEMPTED TO HAVE THE VEHICLE REPAIRED UNDER NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER:13V529000 (STEERING). THE CONTACT STATED THAT SHE WAS ADVISED THAT THE PARTS WERE NOT AVAILABLE. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE MANUFACTURER HAD EXCEEDED A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME FOR THE RECA…

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TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2011 DODGE RAM 2500. THE CONTACT STATED THAT SHE ATTEMPTED TO HAVE THE VEHICLE REPAIRED UNDER NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER:13V529000 (STEERING). THE CONTACT STATED THAT SHE WAS ADVISED THAT THE PARTS WERE NOT AVAILABLE. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE MANUFACTURER HAD EXCEEDED A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME FOR THE RECALL REPAIR. THERE WERE NO FAILURES AT THIS TIME.

NHTSA ODI #10598468

Mileage unknown · Jun 12, 2014
Steering

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2011 DODGE RAM 2500. THE CONTACT RECEIVED A NOTIFICATION FOR RECALL NHTSA CAMPAIGN ID NUMBER 13V529000 (STEERING). THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE REPAIR WAS NOT TAKEN CARE OF IN A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME. THE DEALER INDICATED PARTS WERE NOT AVAILABLE. THE CONTACT HAD NOT EXPERIENCED A FAILURE. THE MANUFACT…

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TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2011 DODGE RAM 2500. THE CONTACT RECEIVED A NOTIFICATION FOR RECALL NHTSA CAMPAIGN ID NUMBER 13V529000 (STEERING). THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE REPAIR WAS NOT TAKEN CARE OF IN A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME. THE DEALER INDICATED PARTS WERE NOT AVAILABLE. THE CONTACT HAD NOT EXPERIENCED A FAILURE. THE MANUFACTURER HAS NOT BEEN CONTACTED.

NHTSA ODI #10597878

Mileage unknown · Jun 11, 2014
Steering

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2011 DODGE RAM 2500. THE CONTACT RECEIVED A RECALL NOTICE FOR NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 13V529000 (STEERING). THE DEALER STATED THAT THE PARTS FOR THE REPAIR WERE UNAVAILABLE. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE REPAIR WAS NOT PERFORMED IN A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT NOTIFIED. THE CONTA…

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TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2011 DODGE RAM 2500. THE CONTACT RECEIVED A RECALL NOTICE FOR NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 13V529000 (STEERING). THE DEALER STATED THAT THE PARTS FOR THE REPAIR WERE UNAVAILABLE. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE REPAIR WAS NOT PERFORMED IN A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT NOTIFIED. THE CONTACT HAD NOT EXPERIENCED A FAILURE.

NHTSA ODI #10597629

77,000 miles · Jun 10, 2014
Steering

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2011 DODGE RAM 2500. THE CONTACT STATED THAT WHILE DRIVING 15 MPH, HE ATTEMPTED TO MAKE A RIGHT TURN BUT THE POWER STEERING AND BRAKES FAILED. THE CONTACT STATED THAT AFTER A FEW SECONDS, THE VEHICLE RESUMED NORMAL FUNCTION. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO THE DEALER FOR INSPECTION. THE TECHNICIAN STATED THAT TH…

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TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2011 DODGE RAM 2500. THE CONTACT STATED THAT WHILE DRIVING 15 MPH, HE ATTEMPTED TO MAKE A RIGHT TURN BUT THE POWER STEERING AND BRAKES FAILED. THE CONTACT STATED THAT AFTER A FEW SECONDS, THE VEHICLE RESUMED NORMAL FUNCTION. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO THE DEALER FOR INSPECTION. THE TECHNICIAN STATED THAT THE POWER STEERING PUMP NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOTIFIED OF THE FAILURE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 77,000. THE VIN WAS UNAVAILABLE.

NHTSA ODI #10597292

Official recalls

4

17V821000 · Power Train:automatic Transmission:lever And Linkage:column Shift

Dec 20, 2017

Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2016-2017 Ram 3500 Cab Chassis with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of less than 10,000 lbs, 2011-2017 Ram 3500, 4500 and 5500 Cab Chassis vehicles, 2009-2017 Ram 1500 and 2010-2017 Ram 2500 and 3500 pickup trucks, all equipped with a column shifter. Pushing the brake pedal for prolonged periods when the vehicle is running and in PARK may cause the Brake Transmission Shift Interlock (BTSI) pin to stick in the open position. With the pin in the open position, the transmission can be shifted out of PARK into any gear without pushing the brake pedal or having the key in the ignition.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: Being able to shift the transmission without pushing the brake pedal and/or without a key in the ignition can increase the risk of an unintended vehicle rollaway that may result in personal injury or a crash.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will update the vehicle software, inspect the BTSI, and, as necessary, replace it, free of charge. The recall began February 26, 2018. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is T79.

14V635000 · Engine And Engine Cooling:engine:diesel; Fuel System, Diesel

Oct 8, 2014

Chrysler Group LLC (Chrysler) is recalling certain model year 2010-2014 Ram 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500 trucks manufactured March 27, 2009, to September 5, 2013. In the affected vehicles, the electrical connectors of the diesel fuel heater may overheat.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the connectors overheat, the fuel heater may leak fuel, increasing the risk of a fire.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will replace the harness side connector with a silver plated beryllium copper terminal service kit, and inspect the fuel heater for leaks, replacing it as necessary, free of charge. Chrysler issued interim notification to owners on December 8, 2014. The recall began on April 27, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is P65.

Additional source detail variants (2)

Fuel System, Diesel

Chrysler Group LLC (Chrysler) is recalling certain model year 2010-2014 Ram 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500 trucks manufactured March 27, 2009, to September 5, 2013. In the affected vehicles, the electrical connectors of the diesel fuel heater may overheat.

Consequence: If the connectors overheat, the fuel heater may leak fuel, increasing the risk of a fire.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will replace the harness side connector with a silver plated beryllium copper terminal service kit, and inspect the fuel heater for leaks, replacing it as necessary, free of charge. Chrysler issued interim notification to owners on December 8, 2014. The recall began on April 27, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is P65.

Engine And Engine Cooling:engine:diesel

Chrysler Group LLC (Chrysler) is recalling certain model year 2010-2014 Ram 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500 trucks manufactured March 27, 2009, to September 5, 2013. In the affected vehicles, the electrical connectors of the diesel fuel heater may overheat.

Consequence: If the connectors overheat, the fuel heater may leak fuel, increasing the risk of a fire.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will replace the harness side connector with a silver plated beryllium copper terminal service kit, and inspect the fuel heater for leaks, replacing it as necessary, free of charge. Chrysler issued interim notification to owners on December 8, 2014. The recall began on April 27, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is P65.

13V529000 · Steering:linkages:tie Rod Assembly

Nov 6, 2013

Chrysler Group LLC (Chrysler) is recalling certain model year 2008-2012 RAM 2500 4X4 and 3500 4X4 trucks, 2008-2012 Dodge RAM 3500 4x2 Cab Chassis, and model year 2008 Dodge RAM 1500 Mega Cab 4x4. The left tie rod assembly may break.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: A failure of the tie rod assembly may result in a loss of steering control, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: Chrysler notified owners on January 16, 2014 that dealers would inspect vehicles and replace the steering linkage assembly, if necessary. On or about February 27, 2014, Chrysler ceased its recall remedy program due to parts quality concerns, and then re-initiated it on or about April 14, 2014. In July 2015, and under a consent order with NHTSA, the company agreed to offer owners three options for remedying their vehicles: perform the original remedy, offer to repurchase the vehicle at the fair market value plus 10%, or offer an additional incentive offer towards the purchase of a new Dodge, Jeep, Chrysler, or Fiat vehicle. Chrysler will notify owners of the new recall options in a letter expected to be mailed on August 31, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler at 1-800-247-9753. Chrysler's recall campaign number is N49.

11V350000 · Steering:linkages:tie Rod Assembly

Jul 6, 2011

CHRYSLER IS RECALLING CERTAIN MODEL YEAR 2008-2011 DODGE RAM 2500/3500 4X4, MANUFACTURED FROM FEBRUARY 14, 2008, THROUGH MARCH 28, 2011; MODEL YEAR 2008-2011 DODGE RAM 3500 CAB CHASSIS 4X2, MANUFACTURED FROM FEBRUARY 14, 2008, THROUGH MARCH 28, 2011; AND MODEL YEAR 2008 DODGE RAM 1500 MEGA CAB 4X4, MANUFACTURED FROM FEBRUARY 14, 2008, THROUGH AUGUST 15, 2008, BECAUSE THE LEFT TIE ROD BALL STUD MAY FRACTURE. THIS CONDITION TENDS TO OCCUR DURING LOW SPEED PARKING LOT TYPE MANEUVERS WHEN THE CUSTOMER IS MAKING A TIGHT TURN. ADDITIONALLY, MODEL YEAR 2003-2008 DODGE RAM 2500/3500 VEHICLES MAY HAVE RECEIVED THE AFFECTED TIE ROD ASSEMBLY AS A REPLACEMENT PART DURING NORMAL SERVICE.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: THIS CONDITION COULD RESULT IN THE POTENTIAL LOSS OF DIRECTIONAL STABILITY IN THE LEFT HAND FRONT WHEEL, INCREASING THE RISK OF A CRASH.

Remedy: DEALERS WILL INSPECT THE TIE ROD ENDS FOR RELATIVE ORIENTATION AND REPLACE THE LEFT OUTER TIE ROD AS REQUIRED AND PERFORM A FRONT END TOE ALIGNMENT AS NEEDED. THIS SERVICE WILL BE PERFORMED FREE OF CHARGE. THE SAFETY RECALL BEGAN ON OCTOBER 3, 2011. OWNERS MAY CONTACT CHRYSLER AT 1-800-853-1403.

Model-level recall history does not show whether a particular VIN is affected or has received a repair. Check a VIN with NHTSA ↗

NHTSA investigations

1

EA19001 · Electrical Overstress

Opened Apr 19, 2019 · Closed Sep 19, 2024

Status: closed (inferred from source dates) · Air Bags: Air Bag/restraint Control Module

The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened this investigation to determine if the failure of airbags to deploy during severe crashes, in certain vehicles, was the result of a safety related defect.  During the investigation a complex failure was studied that can result in non-deployment of subject vehicle air bags and other restraint system devices in severe crash events. The subject vehicles may be equipped with an airbag control unit (ACU) for the supplemental restraint system (SRS) Electronic Control Unit (ECU) manufactured by ZF-TRW.  The ECU receives signals from crash sensors mounted in the vehicle and deploys the vehicle air bags and seat belt pretensioners in accordance with manufacturer design specifications.  The ECU in the subject vehicles contains a model DS84 application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) which controls the communication of the crash sensor signal, firing commands (i.e., when to deploy the airbag(s) and/or pretensioners), and fault information (e.g., diagnostic trouble codes). In September 2016, FCA announced recall 16V-668 for certain model year (MY) 2010 to 2014 Chrysler, Dodge and Jeep products manufactured with the subject ZF-TRW ACU.  In this recall, FCA discussed an EOS condition that resulted in a failure of the subject DS84 ASIC, which caused air bag non-deployment.  FCA noted that the defect condition had only been observed in vehicles equipped with sensor harnessing routed across the front of the vehicle.  Other FCA vehicles that also used the subject ACU, but were not equipped with cross-car harnessing, had not experienced EOS failures, despite similar time in service. During the course of this investigation, ODI sent two separate Information Request (IR) letters to six vehicle manufactures (including FCA, Hyundai, Honda, Kia, Mitsubishi, and Toyota) and one IR letter to ZF-TRW.  These IR letters resulted in ODI receiving comprehensive data from these manufacturers and suppliers. Studies of this data found that the DS84 ASIC does not have sufficient protection against negative electrical transients or electrical overstress (“EOS”) that can be generated in certain severe crashes.  An electrical transient occurs when the electrical power supplied to a circuit changes momentarily over a short duration of time.   In these severe crash cases, the crash sensors and other powered wiring can be damaged and short circuited so as to create a negative electrical transient of sufficient intensity and duration (that are outside the vehicle manufacturer's specification) to damage the ASIC before the restraint device deployment signal is received by the SRS ECU.  This damaged signal can lead to incomplete or nondeployment of the air bags and/or pretensioners.  Airbag non-deployment and/or lack of pretensioner operation can increase the risk or severity of injury in a crash.A total of 8 fatalities and 14 injuries were associated with known EOS events. The common element in all investigated manufacturers vehicles is the SRS ECU containing a DS84 ASIC manufactured by ZF-TRW.  The risk associated with the ASIC is equally shared among all OEMS involved in the investigation.  The actual real-world risk can be mitigated by other factors which were assessed by ODI during this investigation. The first mitigating factor involves protections built into the ACU design which protect the DS84 ASIC from damage.  There are multiple strategies and levels of protection employed by different OEMs that provide effective EOS mitigation.  The two most common strategies at the ACU level are circuit protection diodes on the remote senor signal lines, and current limiting resistors that protect critical components. The second mitigating factor is found at the vehicle level and involves the location and routing of the wires leading from the crash sensors to the SRS ECU.  If the wires are well protected in a crash and are not routed with other power wires carrying large currents, the risk for an EOS event is significantly reduced or eliminated. These design specific factors combine to produce a spectrum of risk for the vehicles equipped with ACUs using the DS84 ASIC.  Given the many of years of field exposure, it is possible to divide the subject population into two groups; vehicles which have experienced EOS events, and vehicles which have not experienced EOS field events. Four of the six OEMs involved in this investigation have experienced EOS field events on at least one of their models equipped with a DS84 ASIC.  All vehicle models (including the Toyota models identified in the Failure Report Summary of the opening resume for this investigation) with field events have been recalled.  In an abundance of caution, ODI kept this investigation open five years to monitor field performance and did not identify any field events on vehicles not included in existing safety recalls. Given the spectrum of risk identified in this investigation and that all vehicles with a demonstrated unreasonable risk have been recalled, ODI is closing this investigation. ODI is closing this investigation with the following manufacturer safety recalls: 16V-668, 18E-043, 18V-137, 18V-363, and 20V-024.  With the recall actions taken by the subject vehicle and equipment manufacturers, this investigation is closed. The closing of this investigation does not constitute a finding by NHTSA that a safety-related defect does not exists on other model or model year vehicles outside of the recall scopes. The agency reserves the right to take further action if warranted by the circumstances.