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2010 Dodge RAM 2500

Owner reports · Recalls · Investigations

Similar to other model years

Owner complaints for the 2010 Dodge RAM 2500 do not stand out strongly from the model-year median of 275.

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How this year compares

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Counts vary with age, sales and reporting. They are not failure rates.

What owners reported most

All reported categories

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When problems were reported

Mileage at the reported incident

133 reports with mileage · 103 unknown

NHTSA’s mileage field refers to the reported incident, not necessarily the filing date. This shows report counts, not the likelihood of a failure.

What to inspect

Issues worth paying extra attention to based on owner reports.

  • Steering. Review the 152 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Suspension. Review the 32 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Electrical System. Review the 22 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →

NHTSA owner reports · September 18, 2026 snapshot.

5 crash reports4 fire reports6 injury reports

Electrical System complaints

22 reports
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171,338 miles · May 5, 2017
Electrical SystemElectronic Stability Control (esc)

TRUCK KEEP SHUTTING IT SELF OFF AND WHILE DRIVING.

NHTSA ODI #10983761

166,000 miles · Dec 28, 2016
Electrical System

WHILE DRIVING AT HIGHWAY SPEEDS THE TRUCK WILL COMPLETELY SHUT DOWN, NO POWER STEERING, BRAKES, LIGHTS IT JUST GOES DEAD. NO WARNING LIGHTS OR CODES THROWN. THIS HAS HAPPENED ABOUT 10 TIMES NOW. VERY DANGEROUS WHEN IT HAPPENS AT NIGHT. *TR

NHTSA ODI #10937808

180,000 miles · Aug 23, 2016
Electrical System

WHEN PULLING OUT ONTO A 5 LANE ROAD THE VEHICLE SHUT OFF, I WAS ABLE TO RESTART AND CONTINUE. THEN WHEN TURNING OFF A 5 LANE ROAD THE VEHICLE SHUT OFF, I WAS ABLE TO RESTART AND CONTINUE. ON THE EXPRESSWAY AT 70 MPH TOWING A CAR TRAILER THE VEHICLE SHUT OFF. I WAS IN THE RIGHT LANE AND WAS ABLE TO PULL OFF AND RESTART TO CONT…

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WHEN PULLING OUT ONTO A 5 LANE ROAD THE VEHICLE SHUT OFF, I WAS ABLE TO RESTART AND CONTINUE. THEN WHEN TURNING OFF A 5 LANE ROAD THE VEHICLE SHUT OFF, I WAS ABLE TO RESTART AND CONTINUE. ON THE EXPRESSWAY AT 70 MPH TOWING A CAR TRAILER THE VEHICLE SHUT OFF. I WAS IN THE RIGHT LANE AND WAS ABLE TO PULL OFF AND RESTART TO CONTINUE. THIS IS A VERY HEAVY TRUCK AND VERY HARD TO STEER AND STOP WHEN NOT RUNNING.

NHTSA ODI #10898104

38 miles · May 2, 2016
Electrical SystemEngine

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2010 RAM 2500. WHILE DRIVING 65 MPH, THE ENGINE STALLED AND THE CHECK ENGINE LIGHT ILLUMINATED. THE FAILURE WAS PERSISTENT. THE VEHICLE WAS ABLE TO RESTART. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO A DEALER WHERE IT WAS DIAGNOSED THAT THE COMPUTER FAILED AND NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. THE VEHICLE WAS REPAIRED SEVERAL TIMES, B…

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TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2010 RAM 2500. WHILE DRIVING 65 MPH, THE ENGINE STALLED AND THE CHECK ENGINE LIGHT ILLUMINATED. THE FAILURE WAS PERSISTENT. THE VEHICLE WAS ABLE TO RESTART. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO A DEALER WHERE IT WAS DIAGNOSED THAT THE COMPUTER FAILED AND NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. THE VEHICLE WAS REPAIRED SEVERAL TIMES, BUT THE FAILURE RECURRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOTIFIED OF THE FAILURE. THE VIN WAS INVALID. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS APPROXIMATELY 38.

NHTSA ODI #10862610

69,500 miles · Jan 5, 2016
Electrical System

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2010 RAM 2500. THE CONTACT HEARD A KNOCKING SOUND BEHIND THE DASHBOARD OF THE VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO THE DEALER WHERE IT WAS DIAGNOSED THAT THE PLASTIC GEAR ACTUATOR WAS FAULTY AND NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. AS A RESULT, NONE OF THE HVAC FUNCTIONS WERE OPERATIONAL. THE DEALER STATED THAT THERE WAS A…

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TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2010 RAM 2500. THE CONTACT HEARD A KNOCKING SOUND BEHIND THE DASHBOARD OF THE VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO THE DEALER WHERE IT WAS DIAGNOSED THAT THE PLASTIC GEAR ACTUATOR WAS FAULTY AND NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. AS A RESULT, NONE OF THE HVAC FUNCTIONS WERE OPERATIONAL. THE DEALER STATED THAT THERE WAS A CUSTOMER SATISFACTION NOTIFICATION FOR THE FAILURE INITIATED BY THE MANUFACTURER; HOWEVER, THERE WERE NO RECALLS. THE CONTACT'S VEHICLE WAS NOT COVERED BY THE CUSTOMER SATISFACTION NOTIFICATION (K17). THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS CONTACTED, BUT DID NOT ASSIST DUE TO THE VEHICLE NOT BEING INCLUDED IN THE MANUFACTURER'S RECALL. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 69,500.

NHTSA ODI #10818233

50,123 miles · Nov 10, 2015
Electrical SystemUnknown Or Other

I HAVE READ SOMEWHERE ELSE HTTP://WWW.DODGETALK.COM/FORUMS/SHOWTHREAD.PHP?T=364235) THAT OTHER PEOPLE HAVE BEEN HAVING THE SAME PROBLEM I HAVE HAD. MY HEATED MIRRORS ARE STARTING TO BURN WHEN I USE THE HEATED MIRROR FUNCTION TO GET RID OF THE CONDENSATION. I AM NOT SURE IF THERE IS A THERMAL REGULATOR SWITCH, OR A SAFETY THAT HA…

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I HAVE READ SOMEWHERE ELSE HTTP://WWW.DODGETALK.COM/FORUMS/SHOWTHREAD.PHP?T=364235) THAT OTHER PEOPLE HAVE BEEN HAVING THE SAME PROBLEM I HAVE HAD. MY HEATED MIRRORS ARE STARTING TO BURN WHEN I USE THE HEATED MIRROR FUNCTION TO GET RID OF THE CONDENSATION. I AM NOT SURE IF THERE IS A THERMAL REGULATOR SWITCH, OR A SAFETY THAT HAS BEEN ACTING UP, BUT THE HEAT FROM THE COIL ON THE BACK OF THE MIRROR IS STARTING TO DISCOLOR THE FACE OF THE MIRROR. I ATTACHED TWO PICTURES. THEY ARE OF THE RIGHT SIDE MIRROR, AND IT IS ONLY STARTING ON THE BOTTOM. WHEN I NOTICED IT, I STOPPED USING THE HEATERS, BUT IT WOULD BE NICE TO BE ABLE TO USE THEM AN NOT WORRY ABOUT THEM MAKING THE WHOLE MIRROR BROWN. I AM NOT SURE IF THERE NEEDS TO BE A TIMER ADDED, OR A THERMAL SAFETY SWITCH, OR WHAT, BUT SOMETHING NEEDS TO BE DONE. 2010 DODGE RAM 2500 HD DIESEL, ONLY PURCHASED APRIL/MAY 2015 WITH 52,000 MILES TOTAL.

NHTSA ODI #10789572

9,696 miles · Jul 30, 2015
Electrical SystemElectronic Stability Control (esc)Service Brakes

TOTALLY INTEGRATED POWER SYSTEM TIPS FAILURE ... I DID THE RECOMMENDED 10,000 MILE FUEL FILTER REPLACEMENT AND TURNED THE IGNITION KEY "ON-OFF" THREE TIMES WITHOUT STARTING THE VEHICLE AS OUTLINED IN THE OWNERS MANUAL. I NOW HAVE AT LEAST 10 WARNINGS ON MY VEHICLE: CHECK ENGINE LIGHT, BRAKES, TRAILER, WILL NOT START, NO AI…

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TOTALLY INTEGRATED POWER SYSTEM TIPS FAILURE ... I DID THE RECOMMENDED 10,000 MILE FUEL FILTER REPLACEMENT AND TURNED THE IGNITION KEY "ON-OFF" THREE TIMES WITHOUT STARTING THE VEHICLE AS OUTLINED IN THE OWNERS MANUAL. I NOW HAVE AT LEAST 10 WARNINGS ON MY VEHICLE: CHECK ENGINE LIGHT, BRAKES, TRAILER, WILL NOT START, NO AIR CONDITIONING, HEADLIGHTS STAY ON, ONLY DRIVER SIDE OF BRAKES WORK, DIESEL REGENERATION REQUIRED POWER WILL BE REDUCED.....ETC. LOCAL DEALERSHIP STATED THE TOTALLY INTEGRATED POWER SYSTEM TIPS SHORT CIRCUITED. THEY SAY IT WILL COST AT LEAST $1,200.00. AFTER READING ALL OF THE COMPLAINTS AND PROBLEMS THESE VEHICLES ARE HAVING WITH THE TIPS, THERE MUST BE A RECALL. IN FACT THE DEALERSHIP TOLD ME THAT HE HAS SEEN THE TIPS SORT CIRCUIT JUST BECAUSE THE OWNER WASHED THEIR VEHICLE AND WATER GOT INSIDE THE TIPS.

NHTSA ODI #10744865

Mileage unknown · Apr 17, 2015
Electrical SystemEngineFuel/propulsion System

CHRYSLER SAFETY RECALL P65/NHTSA 14V-635 I WAS SENT THE SAFETY RECALL NOTICE IN DECEMBER OF 2014. AS OF APRIL 2015, I CALLED CHRYSLER AND THEY SAID THAT THE PARTS ARE NOT AVAILABLE. 5 MONTHS AFTER THE RECALL NOTICE WAS SENT OUT, AND THE PARTS ARE STILL NOT AVAILABLE FOR THIS CRITICAL SAFETY RECALL, WHICH IF NOT FIXED, COULD C…

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CHRYSLER SAFETY RECALL P65/NHTSA 14V-635 I WAS SENT THE SAFETY RECALL NOTICE IN DECEMBER OF 2014. AS OF APRIL 2015, I CALLED CHRYSLER AND THEY SAID THAT THE PARTS ARE NOT AVAILABLE. 5 MONTHS AFTER THE RECALL NOTICE WAS SENT OUT, AND THE PARTS ARE STILL NOT AVAILABLE FOR THIS CRITICAL SAFETY RECALL, WHICH IF NOT FIXED, COULD CAUSE AN ENGINE COMPARTMENT FIRE. THEY DID NOT GIVE ME A DATE AS TO WHEN THE PARTS WOULD BE AVAILABLE. CHRYSLER IS NOT ACTING IN GOOD FAITH TO FIX THIS SAFETY PROBLEM. *TR

NHTSA ODI #10706207

Mileage unknown · Dec 12, 2014
Electrical System

DODGE/CHRYSLER IS NOT RESPONSIVE TO THE RECALL NOTICES. WHEN WE RECEIVE THE NOTICES THEY HAVE NO PARTS AND TREAT CUSTOMERS INDIFFERENTLY. WE HAVE NOT HAD AN INCIDENT BUT THE POSSIBILITIES ARE FRIGHTENING. *TR

NHTSA ODI #10663753

38,000 miles · Jul 2, 2013
Electrical SystemEngineStructureFire

FROM STATEMENT OF OPERATOR "WHILE PERFORMING ROAD MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES I WAS DRIVING UP A GRADE AT LOW SPEED WHILE IN FOUR WHEEL DRIVE AND IN LOW GEAR. THE FIRST INDICATION OF A PROBLEM WAS A SUDDEN BURST OF SMOKE FROM UNDER THE HOOD ACCOMPANIED BY THE ENGINE OIL LIGHT COMING ON. I TRIPPED THE HOOD RELEASE, WENT TO THE FRONT O…

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FROM STATEMENT OF OPERATOR "WHILE PERFORMING ROAD MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES I WAS DRIVING UP A GRADE AT LOW SPEED WHILE IN FOUR WHEEL DRIVE AND IN LOW GEAR. THE FIRST INDICATION OF A PROBLEM WAS A SUDDEN BURST OF SMOKE FROM UNDER THE HOOD ACCOMPANIED BY THE ENGINE OIL LIGHT COMING ON. I TRIPPED THE HOOD RELEASE, WENT TO THE FRONT OF THE VEHICLE TO OPEN THE HOOD. THE SMOKE FROM THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT PREVENTED ME FROM SAFELY LOCATING THE HOOD RELEASE. I THEN RETRIEVED THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER FROM THE VEHICLE AND APPLIED IT THE BEST I COULD TO THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT. AT THE SAME TIME ANOTHER EMPLOYEE RETRIEVED AN ADDITIONAL 2 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS FROM ANOTHER FOREST SERVICE TRUCK AND APPLIED THEIR CONTENTS IN A SIMILAR FASHION. THE APPLICATION WAS INSUFFICIENT TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE. OVER THE SUBSEQUENT HALF HOUR TO 45 MINUTES THE VEHICLE BECAME FULLY ENGULFED IN FIRE. THE SECOND OPERATOR SAID WHEN HE SEEN THE SMOKE HE RAN UP TO THE FRONT SIDE OF THE TRUCK AND COULD SEE FLAMES IN THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT AND AT THAT TIME THEY TRIED TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE USING 3 5ABC FIRE EXTINGUISHERS. AFTER DEPLETING THE EXTINGUISHERS THEY MOVED BACK AND UNHOOKED THE ROCK RAKE THEY WERE PULLING AND WAITED FOR THE FIRE RESPONSE TO ARRIVE AT WHICH TIME THE VEHICLE WAS TOTALLY ENGULFED. *TR

NHTSA ODI #10522837

Official recalls

4

17V821000 · Power Train:automatic Transmission:lever And Linkage:column Shift

Dec 20, 2017

Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2016-2017 Ram 3500 Cab Chassis with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of less than 10,000 lbs, 2011-2017 Ram 3500, 4500 and 5500 Cab Chassis vehicles, 2009-2017 Ram 1500 and 2010-2017 Ram 2500 and 3500 pickup trucks, all equipped with a column shifter. Pushing the brake pedal for prolonged periods when the vehicle is running and in PARK may cause the Brake Transmission Shift Interlock (BTSI) pin to stick in the open position. With the pin in the open position, the transmission can be shifted out of PARK into any gear without pushing the brake pedal or having the key in the ignition.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: Being able to shift the transmission without pushing the brake pedal and/or without a key in the ignition can increase the risk of an unintended vehicle rollaway that may result in personal injury or a crash.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will update the vehicle software, inspect the BTSI, and, as necessary, replace it, free of charge. The recall began February 26, 2018. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is T79.

14V635000 · Engine And Engine Cooling:engine:diesel; Fuel System, Diesel

Oct 8, 2014

Chrysler Group LLC (Chrysler) is recalling certain model year 2010-2014 Ram 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500 trucks manufactured March 27, 2009, to September 5, 2013. In the affected vehicles, the electrical connectors of the diesel fuel heater may overheat.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the connectors overheat, the fuel heater may leak fuel, increasing the risk of a fire.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will replace the harness side connector with a silver plated beryllium copper terminal service kit, and inspect the fuel heater for leaks, replacing it as necessary, free of charge. Chrysler issued interim notification to owners on December 8, 2014. The recall began on April 27, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is P65.

Additional source detail variants (2)

Fuel System, Diesel

Chrysler Group LLC (Chrysler) is recalling certain model year 2010-2014 Ram 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500 trucks manufactured March 27, 2009, to September 5, 2013. In the affected vehicles, the electrical connectors of the diesel fuel heater may overheat.

Consequence: If the connectors overheat, the fuel heater may leak fuel, increasing the risk of a fire.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will replace the harness side connector with a silver plated beryllium copper terminal service kit, and inspect the fuel heater for leaks, replacing it as necessary, free of charge. Chrysler issued interim notification to owners on December 8, 2014. The recall began on April 27, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is P65.

Engine And Engine Cooling:engine:diesel

Chrysler Group LLC (Chrysler) is recalling certain model year 2010-2014 Ram 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500 trucks manufactured March 27, 2009, to September 5, 2013. In the affected vehicles, the electrical connectors of the diesel fuel heater may overheat.

Consequence: If the connectors overheat, the fuel heater may leak fuel, increasing the risk of a fire.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will replace the harness side connector with a silver plated beryllium copper terminal service kit, and inspect the fuel heater for leaks, replacing it as necessary, free of charge. Chrysler issued interim notification to owners on December 8, 2014. The recall began on April 27, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is P65.

13V529000 · Steering:linkages:tie Rod Assembly

Nov 6, 2013

Chrysler Group LLC (Chrysler) is recalling certain model year 2008-2012 RAM 2500 4X4 and 3500 4X4 trucks, 2008-2012 Dodge RAM 3500 4x2 Cab Chassis, and model year 2008 Dodge RAM 1500 Mega Cab 4x4. The left tie rod assembly may break.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: A failure of the tie rod assembly may result in a loss of steering control, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: Chrysler notified owners on January 16, 2014 that dealers would inspect vehicles and replace the steering linkage assembly, if necessary. On or about February 27, 2014, Chrysler ceased its recall remedy program due to parts quality concerns, and then re-initiated it on or about April 14, 2014. In July 2015, and under a consent order with NHTSA, the company agreed to offer owners three options for remedying their vehicles: perform the original remedy, offer to repurchase the vehicle at the fair market value plus 10%, or offer an additional incentive offer towards the purchase of a new Dodge, Jeep, Chrysler, or Fiat vehicle. Chrysler will notify owners of the new recall options in a letter expected to be mailed on August 31, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler at 1-800-247-9753. Chrysler's recall campaign number is N49.

11V350000 · Steering:linkages:tie Rod Assembly

Jul 6, 2011

CHRYSLER IS RECALLING CERTAIN MODEL YEAR 2008-2011 DODGE RAM 2500/3500 4X4, MANUFACTURED FROM FEBRUARY 14, 2008, THROUGH MARCH 28, 2011; MODEL YEAR 2008-2011 DODGE RAM 3500 CAB CHASSIS 4X2, MANUFACTURED FROM FEBRUARY 14, 2008, THROUGH MARCH 28, 2011; AND MODEL YEAR 2008 DODGE RAM 1500 MEGA CAB 4X4, MANUFACTURED FROM FEBRUARY 14, 2008, THROUGH AUGUST 15, 2008, BECAUSE THE LEFT TIE ROD BALL STUD MAY FRACTURE. THIS CONDITION TENDS TO OCCUR DURING LOW SPEED PARKING LOT TYPE MANEUVERS WHEN THE CUSTOMER IS MAKING A TIGHT TURN. ADDITIONALLY, MODEL YEAR 2003-2008 DODGE RAM 2500/3500 VEHICLES MAY HAVE RECEIVED THE AFFECTED TIE ROD ASSEMBLY AS A REPLACEMENT PART DURING NORMAL SERVICE.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: THIS CONDITION COULD RESULT IN THE POTENTIAL LOSS OF DIRECTIONAL STABILITY IN THE LEFT HAND FRONT WHEEL, INCREASING THE RISK OF A CRASH.

Remedy: DEALERS WILL INSPECT THE TIE ROD ENDS FOR RELATIVE ORIENTATION AND REPLACE THE LEFT OUTER TIE ROD AS REQUIRED AND PERFORM A FRONT END TOE ALIGNMENT AS NEEDED. THIS SERVICE WILL BE PERFORMED FREE OF CHARGE. THE SAFETY RECALL BEGAN ON OCTOBER 3, 2011. OWNERS MAY CONTACT CHRYSLER AT 1-800-853-1403.

Model-level recall history does not show whether a particular VIN is affected or has received a repair. Check a VIN with NHTSA ↗

NHTSA investigations

1

EA19001 · Electrical Overstress

Opened Apr 19, 2019 · Closed Sep 19, 2024

Status: closed (inferred from source dates) · Air Bags: Air Bag/restraint Control Module

The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened this investigation to determine if the failure of airbags to deploy during severe crashes, in certain vehicles, was the result of a safety related defect.  During the investigation a complex failure was studied that can result in non-deployment of subject vehicle air bags and other restraint system devices in severe crash events. The subject vehicles may be equipped with an airbag control unit (ACU) for the supplemental restraint system (SRS) Electronic Control Unit (ECU) manufactured by ZF-TRW.  The ECU receives signals from crash sensors mounted in the vehicle and deploys the vehicle air bags and seat belt pretensioners in accordance with manufacturer design specifications.  The ECU in the subject vehicles contains a model DS84 application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) which controls the communication of the crash sensor signal, firing commands (i.e., when to deploy the airbag(s) and/or pretensioners), and fault information (e.g., diagnostic trouble codes). In September 2016, FCA announced recall 16V-668 for certain model year (MY) 2010 to 2014 Chrysler, Dodge and Jeep products manufactured with the subject ZF-TRW ACU.  In this recall, FCA discussed an EOS condition that resulted in a failure of the subject DS84 ASIC, which caused air bag non-deployment.  FCA noted that the defect condition had only been observed in vehicles equipped with sensor harnessing routed across the front of the vehicle.  Other FCA vehicles that also used the subject ACU, but were not equipped with cross-car harnessing, had not experienced EOS failures, despite similar time in service. During the course of this investigation, ODI sent two separate Information Request (IR) letters to six vehicle manufactures (including FCA, Hyundai, Honda, Kia, Mitsubishi, and Toyota) and one IR letter to ZF-TRW.  These IR letters resulted in ODI receiving comprehensive data from these manufacturers and suppliers. Studies of this data found that the DS84 ASIC does not have sufficient protection against negative electrical transients or electrical overstress (“EOS”) that can be generated in certain severe crashes.  An electrical transient occurs when the electrical power supplied to a circuit changes momentarily over a short duration of time.   In these severe crash cases, the crash sensors and other powered wiring can be damaged and short circuited so as to create a negative electrical transient of sufficient intensity and duration (that are outside the vehicle manufacturer's specification) to damage the ASIC before the restraint device deployment signal is received by the SRS ECU.  This damaged signal can lead to incomplete or nondeployment of the air bags and/or pretensioners.  Airbag non-deployment and/or lack of pretensioner operation can increase the risk or severity of injury in a crash.A total of 8 fatalities and 14 injuries were associated with known EOS events. The common element in all investigated manufacturers vehicles is the SRS ECU containing a DS84 ASIC manufactured by ZF-TRW.  The risk associated with the ASIC is equally shared among all OEMS involved in the investigation.  The actual real-world risk can be mitigated by other factors which were assessed by ODI during this investigation. The first mitigating factor involves protections built into the ACU design which protect the DS84 ASIC from damage.  There are multiple strategies and levels of protection employed by different OEMs that provide effective EOS mitigation.  The two most common strategies at the ACU level are circuit protection diodes on the remote senor signal lines, and current limiting resistors that protect critical components. The second mitigating factor is found at the vehicle level and involves the location and routing of the wires leading from the crash sensors to the SRS ECU.  If the wires are well protected in a crash and are not routed with other power wires carrying large currents, the risk for an EOS event is significantly reduced or eliminated. These design specific factors combine to produce a spectrum of risk for the vehicles equipped with ACUs using the DS84 ASIC.  Given the many of years of field exposure, it is possible to divide the subject population into two groups; vehicles which have experienced EOS events, and vehicles which have not experienced EOS field events. Four of the six OEMs involved in this investigation have experienced EOS field events on at least one of their models equipped with a DS84 ASIC.  All vehicle models (including the Toyota models identified in the Failure Report Summary of the opening resume for this investigation) with field events have been recalled.  In an abundance of caution, ODI kept this investigation open five years to monitor field performance and did not identify any field events on vehicles not included in existing safety recalls. Given the spectrum of risk identified in this investigation and that all vehicles with a demonstrated unreasonable risk have been recalled, ODI is closing this investigation. ODI is closing this investigation with the following manufacturer safety recalls: 16V-668, 18E-043, 18V-137, 18V-363, and 20V-024.  With the recall actions taken by the subject vehicle and equipment manufacturers, this investigation is closed. The closing of this investigation does not constitute a finding by NHTSA that a safety-related defect does not exists on other model or model year vehicles outside of the recall scopes. The agency reserves the right to take further action if warranted by the circumstances.