SHIFT TO PARK MESSAGE APPEARS WHEN YOU SHIFT TO PARK AND YOU TURN OFF THE ENGINE. SO EVEN THOUGH YOU ARE IN PARK THE ENGINE WILL NOT TURN OFF. VERY FRUSTRATING!
2017 Chevrolet Volt
Owner reports · Recalls · Investigations
More warning signs than most Volt years
Owner complaints for the 2017 Chevrolet Volt are substantially higher than the model-year median of 169.
About this comparison →How this year compares
Owner complaints by model year
Compare all Volt years →Counts vary with age, sales and reporting. They are not failure rates.
What owners reported most
All reported categories
Tap a category to read its complaints. One report may name several components.
When problems were reported
Mileage at the reported incident
250 reports with mileage · 447 unknown
NHTSA’s mileage field refers to the reported incident, not necessarily the filing date. This shows report counts, not the likelihood of a failure.
What to inspect
Issues worth paying extra attention to based on owner reports.
- Electrical System. Review the 310 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
- Fuel/propulsion System. Review the 233 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
- Power Train. Review the 219 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
NHTSA owner reports · September 18, 2026 snapshot.
Engine complaints
182 reportsBECM FAILURE. 1) SHIFT INTO PARK MESSAGE DISPLAYED. 2) FAILURE TO CHARGE, ORANGE LIGHT DISPLAYED. 3) SWITCH TO GAS WITH INTERMITTENTLY WITH BATTERY CAPACITY EXISTING. ERRATIC/FLUCTUATING BATTERY LEVELS DISPLAYED. 4) FAILURE TO DRIVE. 5) AC FAILURE.
AFTER YOU POWER OFF YOUR CAR, YOU'LL GET AN ALERT ON YOUR DASHBOARD THAT STATES "ACTION REQUIRED" "SHIFT TO PARK". I HAVE FOUND MULTIPLE COMPLAINTS ON FORUMS AS SUCH. IN SOME CASES SELF RESOLVES WITH A LITTLE SHAKE IN THE SHIFTER. IN OTHER CASES TAKES A FEW MINUTES TO ENGAGE PROPERLY. THIS IS ON GOING AND SEEMS TO BE INCREA…
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AFTER YOU POWER OFF YOUR CAR, YOU'LL GET AN ALERT ON YOUR DASHBOARD THAT STATES "ACTION REQUIRED" "SHIFT TO PARK". I HAVE FOUND MULTIPLE COMPLAINTS ON FORUMS AS SUCH. IN SOME CASES SELF RESOLVES WITH A LITTLE SHAKE IN THE SHIFTER. IN OTHER CASES TAKES A FEW MINUTES TO ENGAGE PROPERLY. THIS IS ON GOING AND SEEMS TO BE INCREASING IN FREQUENCY.
WHEN ATTEMPTING TO TURN OFF THE VEHICLE A WARNING AND ALARM PERIODICALLY COMES UP THAT THE VEHICLE CAN NOT BE TURNED OFF BECAUSE IT NEEDS TO BE SHIFTED INTO PARK EVEN THOUGH IT IS ALREADY IN PARK IT SOMEHOW DOES NOT RECOGNIZE THIS AND PREVENTS THE VEHICLE FROM BEING TURNED OFF. RESTARTING AND SHUTTING BACK DOWN WILL EVENTUALLY …
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WHEN ATTEMPTING TO TURN OFF THE VEHICLE A WARNING AND ALARM PERIODICALLY COMES UP THAT THE VEHICLE CAN NOT BE TURNED OFF BECAUSE IT NEEDS TO BE SHIFTED INTO PARK EVEN THOUGH IT IS ALREADY IN PARK IT SOMEHOW DOES NOT RECOGNIZE THIS AND PREVENTS THE VEHICLE FROM BEING TURNED OFF. RESTARTING AND SHUTTING BACK DOWN WILL EVENTUALLY CLEAR THE ISSUE OR SOMETIMES JUST "TAPPING" THE SHIFTER IN THE DIRECTION OF PARK SEEMS TO CLEAR THE ALARM
ON MY 2ND DAY OF OWNERSHIP WHEN THE VEHICLE HAD 50 MILES ON IT THE VEHICLE STOPPED WITHOUT WARNING IN THE MIDDLE OF THE HIGHWAY. WHILE DRIVING 65 MPH ON INTERSTATE 5 (4 LANE HIGHWAY) THE VEHICLE BEGAN SMOKING AND LOST ALL PROPULSION AND FORWARD POWER. THE VEHICLE HAD JUST CHANGED FROM ELECTRIC POWER TO GAS POWER. THE WARNING MES…
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ON MY 2ND DAY OF OWNERSHIP WHEN THE VEHICLE HAD 50 MILES ON IT THE VEHICLE STOPPED WITHOUT WARNING IN THE MIDDLE OF THE HIGHWAY. WHILE DRIVING 65 MPH ON INTERSTATE 5 (4 LANE HIGHWAY) THE VEHICLE BEGAN SMOKING AND LOST ALL PROPULSION AND FORWARD POWER. THE VEHICLE HAD JUST CHANGED FROM ELECTRIC POWER TO GAS POWER. THE WARNING MESSAGE DISPLAYED WAS "ACTION REQUIRED - SHIFT TO PARK". THE ORANGE ENGINE SYMBOL WAS DISPLAYED. THEN THE STEERING WHEEL LOCKED UP, ALL DISPLAYS AND CONTROLS WERE TURNED OFF. LUCKILY I WAS ABLE TO MOVE FROM THE 2ND TO FAR RIGHT LANE OF 4 AND GET JUST OFF THE HIGHWAY. THERE WAS JUST ENOUGH SPACE TO GLIDE THE VEHICLE TO A STOP OFF THE HIGHWAY. HOWEVER, THE I5 IS THE PRIMARY TRUCKING ROUTE AND IN THIS UPHILL LOCATION ALL SEMI TRUCKS ARE REQUIRED TO DRIVE IN THE FAR RIGHT LANE. MY VEHICLE WAS SWAYED CONTINUOUSLY BY THE LARGE HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES FOR OVER 2 HOURS. A CHP STAYED WITH ME WITH FLASHING LIGHTS TO ATTEMPT TO MOVE VEHICLES TO THE LEFT. THE VEHICLE WAS TOWED TO THE NEAREST DEALERSHIP. THE VEHICLE WAS REPLACED BY THE DEALERSHIP WITH ANOTHER VEHICLE AFTER 9 HOURS. HOWEVER, I AM NOW IN ARBITRATION WITH GM OVER THE SAME ISSUE "ACTION REQUIRED - SHIFT TO PARK" WITH THE 2ND VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE HAS BEEN IN SERVICE FOR 95 DAYS OVER AN 8 MONTH PERIOD AND I AM SEEKING A VEHICLE BUYBACK UNDER THE CALIFORNIA LEMON LAW WITH THE BBB FOR IMPAIRMENT OF VALUE, USE, AND SAFELY.
MY VOLT HAD A SUDDEN LOSS OF PROPULSION AND WARNING "ACTION REQUIRED - SHIFT TO PARK" AND WAS IN SERVICE AT MY LOCAL CHEVY DEALERSHIP FOR 41 DAYS TO SOLVE THIS DANGEROUS ISSUE. WHEN THE VEHICLE WAS RETURNED TO ME IT WOULD NO LONGER CHARGE TO 53 MILES ELECTRIC. ON MY LEVEL 1 CHARGER IT HAS CHARGED TO 52 OR 53 MILES SINCE THE FIRS…
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MY VOLT HAD A SUDDEN LOSS OF PROPULSION AND WARNING "ACTION REQUIRED - SHIFT TO PARK" AND WAS IN SERVICE AT MY LOCAL CHEVY DEALERSHIP FOR 41 DAYS TO SOLVE THIS DANGEROUS ISSUE. WHEN THE VEHICLE WAS RETURNED TO ME IT WOULD NO LONGER CHARGE TO 53 MILES ELECTRIC. ON MY LEVEL 1 CHARGER IT HAS CHARGED TO 52 OR 53 MILES SINCE THE FIRST DAY OF OWNERSHIP ON 1/24/17. THE VEHICLE WILL CHANGE TO 36 - 40 MILES NOW WHICH IS GREATER THAN A 30% LOSS OF ELECTRIC CHARGE. I AM NOT REFERRING TO DRIVING RANGE WHICH VARIES WITH CONDITIONS. THE PROBLEM HAS BEEN SERVICED BY THE DEALERSHIP 3 TIMES FOR A TOTAL OF 53 DAYS. THE PROBLEM SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN RESOLVED ON THE LAST SERVICE VISIT WHERE THE SHIFTER ASSEMBLY AND THE TRANSMISSION CONTROL WERE REPLACED. I AM NOW IN ARBITRATION WITH GM UNDER THE CALIFORNIA LEMON LAW AND THE BBB. I AM REQUESTING A BUYBACK OF THE VEHICLE FOR IMPAIRMENT OF USE, VALUE, AND SAFETY.
WHILE ENTERING THE HIGHWAY THE VEHICLE EXPERIENCED SIGNIFICANT LOSS OF PROPULSION AND THE WARNING DISPLAYED "PROPULSION POWER REDUCED".THIS LOSS OF POWER OCCURRED WHEN THE VEHICLE SWITCHED FROM ELECTRIC TO GAS POWER. I HAVE EXPERIENCED ISSUES WITH THE VEHICLE SWITCHING FROM ELECTRIC TO GAS REGULARLY AND IT SPUTTERS AND BUCKS. AF…
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WHILE ENTERING THE HIGHWAY THE VEHICLE EXPERIENCED SIGNIFICANT LOSS OF PROPULSION AND THE WARNING DISPLAYED "PROPULSION POWER REDUCED".THIS LOSS OF POWER OCCURRED WHEN THE VEHICLE SWITCHED FROM ELECTRIC TO GAS POWER. I HAVE EXPERIENCED ISSUES WITH THE VEHICLE SWITCHING FROM ELECTRIC TO GAS REGULARLY AND IT SPUTTERS AND BUCKS. AFTER A FEW MILES THE SPUTTERING AND ROUGH CHANGE TO GAS WILL DISSIPATE. ON THIS OCCASION THE POWER LOSS WAS SIGNIFICANT AND DANGEROUS. I WOULD NOT HAVE HAD THE POWER OR PROPULSION TO ENTER THE HIGHWAY. I WAS ABLE TO DIVERT TO CITY STREETS AND GET HOME AT SPEEDS UNDER 40 MPH. THE VEHICLE WOULD NOT GO ANY FASTER. THE VEHICLE WAS SERVICED BY MY LOCAL CHEVY DEALER AND OUT OF SERVICE FOR 18 DAYS WITH APPROXIMATELY 250 MILES OF ROAD TESTING WHILE IN SERVICE. I NO LONGER BELIEVE THIS VEHICLE TO BE SAFE OR RELIABLE AND AM ENGAGED IN ARBITRATION UNDER THE CALIFORNIA LEMON LAW AND THE BBB.
WHILE DRIVING ON A BUSY SURFACE STREET THE VEHICLE LOST ALL PROPULSION AND STALLED. STEERING LOCKED UP, WAS DISABLED, AND ELECTRIC POWER STOPPED. THE WARNING LIGHT READ "ACTION REQUIRED - SHIFT TO PARK'. THIS STALL IS IMMEDIATE AND HIGHLY DANGEROUS. I WAS ABLE TO GLIDE TO THE SIDE OF THE ROAD WITHOUT BEING IN OR CAUSING AN ACCID…
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WHILE DRIVING ON A BUSY SURFACE STREET THE VEHICLE LOST ALL PROPULSION AND STALLED. STEERING LOCKED UP, WAS DISABLED, AND ELECTRIC POWER STOPPED. THE WARNING LIGHT READ "ACTION REQUIRED - SHIFT TO PARK'. THIS STALL IS IMMEDIATE AND HIGHLY DANGEROUS. I WAS ABLE TO GLIDE TO THE SIDE OF THE ROAD WITHOUT BEING IN OR CAUSING AN ACCIDENT. THE ORANGE ENGINE SYMBOL WAS ILLUMINATED. ALL SYSTEMS SHUT DOWN ON THE VEHICLE. THE CAR WAS TOWED TO THE NEAREST CHEVY DEALERSHIP BUT WE WERE UNABLE TO TURN OFF THE VEHICLE OR SHIFT IT IN NEUTRAL. THE CAR START BUTTON WOULD NOT TURN OFF THE VEHICLE AND HAD TO BE TOWED RUNNING AND THE BATTERY DISABLED AT THE DEALERSHIP.
WHEN DRIVING ON THE HIGHWAY, I ACCELERATED TO PASS A VEHICLE, BUT THE ENGINE SLOWED DOWN SIGNIFICANTLY INSTEAD. A WARNING ABOUT REDUCED POWER SHOWED ON THE DASH. WE BARELY MADE IT TO AN EXIT AND A GAS STATION, AND THE ENGINE WOULD NOT RESTART, WITH ANOTHER WARNING OF "SERVICE HIGH VOLTAGE CHARGING SYSTEM". WE HAD TO HAVE THE VE…
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WHEN DRIVING ON THE HIGHWAY, I ACCELERATED TO PASS A VEHICLE, BUT THE ENGINE SLOWED DOWN SIGNIFICANTLY INSTEAD. A WARNING ABOUT REDUCED POWER SHOWED ON THE DASH. WE BARELY MADE IT TO AN EXIT AND A GAS STATION, AND THE ENGINE WOULD NOT RESTART, WITH ANOTHER WARNING OF "SERVICE HIGH VOLTAGE CHARGING SYSTEM". WE HAD TO HAVE THE VEHICLE TOWED TO THE DEALER.. IF WE HAD BEEN IN HEAVY TRAFFIC WHEN WE WENT TO PASS THE OTHER VEHICLE, WE COULD HAVE HAD AN ACCIDENT.
ON MULTIPLE OCCASIONS (INCLUDING AFTER ALLEGED REPAIR), THE VEHICLE REQUESTED TO BE PLACED IN PARK WHILE MOVING. ON TWO OCCASIONS WHEN PLACED IN PARK THE VEHICLE SHIFT LOCK ENGAGED AND COULD NOT BE SHIFTED OUT OF PARK. ON ONE OCCASION THE VEHICLE SURGED WHILE DRIVING PRIOR TO REQUESTING TO BE PLACED IN PARK. ON ALL OCCURRENCE…
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ON MULTIPLE OCCASIONS (INCLUDING AFTER ALLEGED REPAIR), THE VEHICLE REQUESTED TO BE PLACED IN PARK WHILE MOVING. ON TWO OCCASIONS WHEN PLACED IN PARK THE VEHICLE SHIFT LOCK ENGAGED AND COULD NOT BE SHIFTED OUT OF PARK. ON ONE OCCASION THE VEHICLE SURGED WHILE DRIVING PRIOR TO REQUESTING TO BE PLACED IN PARK. ON ALL OCCURRENCES, THE VEHICLE WOULD NOT SHUT DOWN AND ENTERED A CONTINUOUS REBOOT CYCLE WHEN THE START/STOP BUTTON WAS PRESSED, INCLUDING WHEN TOWED.
Official recalls
0No recalls in this snapshot.
Model-level recall history does not show whether a particular VIN is affected or has received a repair. Check a VIN with NHTSA ↗
NHTSA investigations
2PE23022 · Loss Of Motive Power Due To The Battery Energy Control Module
Opened Nov 29, 2023 · Closed Mar 3, 2025
Status: closed (inferred from source dates) · Electrical System; Electrical System:propulsion System; Electrical System:propulsion System:traction Battery:management System/energy Control Module (bms/becm)
On November 29, 2023, the Office of Defects Investigations (ODI) opened PE23022 to investigate allegations of a loss of motive power, including a stall, reduced power state, and/or a no start condition due to the Battery Energy Control Module (BECM) in model year (MY) 2016-2019 Chevrolet Volt passenger car vehicles manufactured by General Motors (GM). The BECM is located within the high voltage electric vehicle (EV) battery pack and monitors the temperature, current, and voltage of the high voltage battery cell groups. GM stated that the root cause was identified as an internal failure leading to a loss of communication within the BECM and does not pose a risk to motor vehicle safety. GM further stated that the failure cannot result in a complete stall, only a reduced power mode, no start condition, or a no charge condition. GM additionally stated that if these conditions occur, the driver will be warned via a Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) and/or a reduced-propulsion message in the Driver Information Center (DIC). Data received and analyzed by ODI from all sources indicates that nearly all related BECM failures caused conditions aligning with GM’s predicted outcomes. Despite the large number of warranty claims, nearly all failures were not safety-related, i.e., not a stall or reduced power mode. ODI isaware of a single minor crash and no injuries or deaths. In March 2024, GM issued Special Coverage N232432680, which was mailed to consumers, addressing BECM failures in certain MY 2016-2018 Chevrolet Volt vehicles. This special coverage provides an extension of the warranty coverage for the BECM from 8 years / 100,000 miles to 15 years / 150,000 miles for all 2016-2018 Chevrolet Volts. Additionally, GM stated that replacement components are sourced from a different supplier and not susceptible to the failure. In view of the Special Coverage issued by GM, the existing warranty coverage already in place, and the low number of safety-related occurrences, ODI is closing this Preliminary Evaluation (PE). The closing of this investigation does not constitute a finding by NHTSA that a safety-related defect does not exist. The Agency reserves the right to take additional action if warranted by future circumstances. To review the ODI reports cited in the Closing Resume ODI Report Identification Number document, go to NHTSA.gov.
Additional source detail variants (3)
Electrical System
On November 29, 2023, the Office of Defects Investigations (ODI) opened PE23022 to investigate allegations of a loss of motive power, including a stall, reduced power state, and/or a no start condition due to the Battery Energy Control Module (BECM) in model year (MY) 2016-2019 Chevrolet Volt passenger car vehicles manufactured by General Motors (GM). The BECM is located within the high voltage electric vehicle (EV) battery pack and monitors the temperature, current, and voltage of the high voltage battery cell groups. GM stated that the root cause was identified as an internal failure leading to a loss of communication within the BECM and does not pose a risk to motor vehicle safety. GM further stated that the failure cannot result in a complete stall, only a reduced power mode, no start condition, or a no charge condition. GM additionally stated that if these conditions occur, the driver will be warned via a Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) and/or a reduced-propulsion message in the Driver Information Center (DIC). Data received and analyzed by ODI from all sources indicates that nearly all related BECM failures caused conditions aligning with GM’s predicted outcomes. Despite the large number of warranty claims, nearly all failures were not safety-related, i.e., not a stall or reduced power mode. ODI isaware of a single minor crash and no injuries or deaths. In March 2024, GM issued Special Coverage N232432680, which was mailed to consumers, addressing BECM failures in certain MY 2016-2018 Chevrolet Volt vehicles. This special coverage provides an extension of the warranty coverage for the BECM from 8 years / 100,000 miles to 15 years / 150,000 miles for all 2016-2018 Chevrolet Volts. Additionally, GM stated that replacement components are sourced from a different supplier and not susceptible to the failure. In view of the Special Coverage issued by GM, the existing warranty coverage already in place, and the low number of safety-related occurrences, ODI is closing this Preliminary Evaluation (PE). The closing of this investigation does not constitute a finding by NHTSA that a safety-related defect does not exist. The Agency reserves the right to take additional action if warranted by future circumstances. To review the ODI reports cited in the Closing Resume ODI Report Identification Number document, go to NHTSA.gov.
Electrical System:propulsion System
On November 29, 2023, the Office of Defects Investigations (ODI) opened PE23022 to investigate allegations of a loss of motive power, including a stall, reduced power state, and/or a no start condition due to the Battery Energy Control Module (BECM) in model year (MY) 2016-2019 Chevrolet Volt passenger car vehicles manufactured by General Motors (GM). The BECM is located within the high voltage electric vehicle (EV) battery pack and monitors the temperature, current, and voltage of the high voltage battery cell groups. GM stated that the root cause was identified as an internal failure leading to a loss of communication within the BECM and does not pose a risk to motor vehicle safety. GM further stated that the failure cannot result in a complete stall, only a reduced power mode, no start condition, or a no charge condition. GM additionally stated that if these conditions occur, the driver will be warned via a Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) and/or a reduced-propulsion message in the Driver Information Center (DIC). Data received and analyzed by ODI from all sources indicates that nearly all related BECM failures caused conditions aligning with GM’s predicted outcomes. Despite the large number of warranty claims, nearly all failures were not safety-related, i.e., not a stall or reduced power mode. ODI isaware of a single minor crash and no injuries or deaths. In March 2024, GM issued Special Coverage N232432680, which was mailed to consumers, addressing BECM failures in certain MY 2016-2018 Chevrolet Volt vehicles. This special coverage provides an extension of the warranty coverage for the BECM from 8 years / 100,000 miles to 15 years / 150,000 miles for all 2016-2018 Chevrolet Volts. Additionally, GM stated that replacement components are sourced from a different supplier and not susceptible to the failure. In view of the Special Coverage issued by GM, the existing warranty coverage already in place, and the low number of safety-related occurrences, ODI is closing this Preliminary Evaluation (PE). The closing of this investigation does not constitute a finding by NHTSA that a safety-related defect does not exist. The Agency reserves the right to take additional action if warranted by future circumstances. To review the ODI reports cited in the Closing Resume ODI Report Identification Number document, go to NHTSA.gov.
Electrical System:propulsion System:traction Battery:management System/energy Control Module (bms/becm)
On November 29, 2023, the Office of Defects Investigations (ODI) opened PE23022 to investigate allegations of a loss of motive power, including a stall, reduced power state, and/or a no start condition due to the Battery Energy Control Module (BECM) in model year (MY) 2016-2019 Chevrolet Volt passenger car vehicles manufactured by General Motors (GM). The BECM is located within the high voltage electric vehicle (EV) battery pack and monitors the temperature, current, and voltage of the high voltage battery cell groups. GM stated that the root cause was identified as an internal failure leading to a loss of communication within the BECM and does not pose a risk to motor vehicle safety. GM further stated that the failure cannot result in a complete stall, only a reduced power mode, no start condition, or a no charge condition. GM additionally stated that if these conditions occur, the driver will be warned via a Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) and/or a reduced-propulsion message in the Driver Information Center (DIC). Data received and analyzed by ODI from all sources indicates that nearly all related BECM failures caused conditions aligning with GM’s predicted outcomes. Despite the large number of warranty claims, nearly all failures were not safety-related, i.e., not a stall or reduced power mode. ODI isaware of a single minor crash and no injuries or deaths. In March 2024, GM issued Special Coverage N232432680, which was mailed to consumers, addressing BECM failures in certain MY 2016-2018 Chevrolet Volt vehicles. This special coverage provides an extension of the warranty coverage for the BECM from 8 years / 100,000 miles to 15 years / 150,000 miles for all 2016-2018 Chevrolet Volts. Additionally, GM stated that replacement components are sourced from a different supplier and not susceptible to the failure. In view of the Special Coverage issued by GM, the existing warranty coverage already in place, and the low number of safety-related occurrences, ODI is closing this Preliminary Evaluation (PE). The closing of this investigation does not constitute a finding by NHTSA that a safety-related defect does not exist. The Agency reserves the right to take additional action if warranted by future circumstances. To review the ODI reports cited in the Closing Resume ODI Report Identification Number document, go to NHTSA.gov.
DP22005 · Pedestrian Alert Sounds
Opened Jan 27, 2023 · Closed Aug 7, 2023
Status: closed (inferred from source dates) · Electrical System:propulsion System
NHTSA received a petition on or about July 18, 2022, requesting that Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 141 be applied to all electric and hybrid vehicles operating in the United States. The petition can be reviewed at NHTSA.gov under ODI Number 11486072. FMVSS 141 establishes performance requirements for pedestrian alert sounds for motor vehicles. The standard applies to hybrid and electric vehicles that have a gross vehicle weight rating of 4,536 KG or less or are defined as low-speed vehicles. The standard became fully applicable to all such vehicles manufactured on or after March 1, 2021.On January 27, 2023, NHTSA opened Defect Petition (DP) 22-005 to evaluate the subject matter described in the petition. On June 24, 2023 and as supplemented on June 25, 2023, the petitioner notified NHTSA he was withdrawing his petition. The petitioner indicated that, based on his review of data, there is no justification for asserting potential benefits that could be derived from actions sought by my petition. Based on the petitioner's withdrawal, DP22-005 is closed. Closure of this DP does not represent a determination by NHTSA regarding the subject matter of the petition.
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