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2014 Chevrolet Impala

Owner reports · Recalls · Investigations

When problems were reported

Mileage at the reported incident

462 reports with mileage · 172 unknown

NHTSA’s mileage field refers to the reported incident, not necessarily the filing date. This shows report counts, not the likelihood of a failure.

What to inspect

Issues worth paying extra attention to based on owner reports.

  • Electrical System. Review the 221 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Steering. Review the 140 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Electronic Stability Control (esc). Review the 104 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →

NHTSA owner reports · September 18, 2026 snapshot.

19 crash reports8 fire reports9 injury reports

Electrical System complaints

221 reports
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125,000 miles · Oct 29, 2020
Electrical System

I WAS DRIVING AND THE SIDE DETECTION SYSTEM WARNING CAME UP AND MY CAR STARTED TO MALFUNCTION RIGHT IN THE MIDDLE OF AN INTERSECTION. IT WOULD SHUT OFF, COME BACK ON, LIGHTS WERE FLICKERING, AND I LOST BRAKING CONTROL. HAD TO LIMP MY CAR INTO A NEARBY PARKING LOT. I KNOW CHEVROLET OFFERED A SPECIAL WARRANTY FOR THIS ISSUE, BUT I…

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I WAS DRIVING AND THE SIDE DETECTION SYSTEM WARNING CAME UP AND MY CAR STARTED TO MALFUNCTION RIGHT IN THE MIDDLE OF AN INTERSECTION. IT WOULD SHUT OFF, COME BACK ON, LIGHTS WERE FLICKERING, AND I LOST BRAKING CONTROL. HAD TO LIMP MY CAR INTO A NEARBY PARKING LOT. I KNOW CHEVROLET OFFERED A SPECIAL WARRANTY FOR THIS ISSUE, BUT IT WAS LIKE 6 YEARS LATER, AND HALF THE PEOPLE YOU FIND WITH THIS ISSUE ARE OUTSIDE THE MILEAGE THEY REQUIRE. THIS IS A HUGE SAFETY CONCERN, AND CHEVROLET SHOULD BE THE ONE TO FIX IT.

NHTSA ODI #11367017

97,875 miles · Aug 14, 2020
Electrical SystemSteeringUnknown Or Other

I JUST GOT MY CAR BACK FROM THE DEALER AND NOT EVEN A DAY LATER AFTER THEY HAD IT FOR 3 DAYS THEY TOLD ME THAT THEY COULD FIND NOTHING WRONG WITH MY CAR. BUT AS I AM RIDING DOWN THE HIGHWAY I WAS GOING ABOUT 65 AND MY CAR SHUT AND CAME BACK ON. I LOST CONTROL OF MY STEERING WHEEL, THEN THE CAR STARTED DRIVING NORMAL. ONCE I AR…

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I JUST GOT MY CAR BACK FROM THE DEALER AND NOT EVEN A DAY LATER AFTER THEY HAD IT FOR 3 DAYS THEY TOLD ME THAT THEY COULD FIND NOTHING WRONG WITH MY CAR. BUT AS I AM RIDING DOWN THE HIGHWAY I WAS GOING ABOUT 65 AND MY CAR SHUT AND CAME BACK ON. I LOST CONTROL OF MY STEERING WHEEL, THEN THE CAR STARTED DRIVING NORMAL. ONCE I ARRIVED TO MY JOB AND TURNED THE CAR OFF. MY VEHICLE SHUT OFF AND THE IGNITION LIGHTS ALONG WITH THE SIDE PANEL LIGHTS WAS BLANKING BUT NOTHING ELSE WAS ON. I COULDN'T PUT MY WINDOWS UP AND THE CAR WOULDN'T CUT ON SO I LEFT IT FOR A FEW MINUTES AND WALKED BACK OUTSIDE AFTER 5 MINUTES BECAUSE I NOTICED ALL OF MY OUTSIDE LIGHTS WHERE ON, AND AT THIS TIME. I WAS ABLE TO CUT MY CAR ON AND OFF BUT I DON'T KNOW WHAT TO EXPECT WHEN I GET READY TO LEAVE. I NEED SOMEONE TO CONTACT ME SO I CAN GET THIS FIX BECAUSE ITS BECOMING ANNOYING AND I AM A DISABLED VETERAN AND ITS WORKING MY MENTAL.

NHTSA ODI #11349165

120,000 miles · Aug 5, 2020
Electrical System

I WAS DRIVING WITH MY INFANT DAUGHTER IN THE CAR WHEN EVERYTHING ELECTRICAL IN MY CAR STARTED GOING HAYWIRE. MY BLINKERS DID NOT WORK, MY RADIO WAS ON THE FRITZ, BREAKING WAS CUTTING IN AND OUT, AND MY STEERING KEPT LOCKING UP. WE WERE GOING THROUGH A VERY BUSY INTERSECTION IN TOWN TOO, AND MY CAR DOING SOMETHING LIKE THIS COULD…

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I WAS DRIVING WITH MY INFANT DAUGHTER IN THE CAR WHEN EVERYTHING ELECTRICAL IN MY CAR STARTED GOING HAYWIRE. MY BLINKERS DID NOT WORK, MY RADIO WAS ON THE FRITZ, BREAKING WAS CUTTING IN AND OUT, AND MY STEERING KEPT LOCKING UP. WE WERE GOING THROUGH A VERY BUSY INTERSECTION IN TOWN TOO, AND MY CAR DOING SOMETHING LIKE THIS COULD HAVE GOTTEN US BOTH SERIOUSLY INJURED OR EVEN WORSE. IT DID IT ONCE AGAIN A FEW WEEKS LATER WHILE I WAS IN THE HIGHWAY, BUT LUCKY I KNEW HOW TO REACT ONCE THE PROBLEM STARTED. I COME TO FIND OUT IT'S A 'SAFETY FEATURE' CAUSING THE ISSUE. IT'S SHORTING OUT AND CAUSING THE ENTIRE CAR TO ESSENTIALLY SHUTDOWN. WHILE. I'M. DRIVING. IF THIS ISN'T A SAFETY ISSUE IN NEED OF A RECALL, I DO NOT KNOW WHAT IS.

NHTSA ODI #11343402

87,000 miles · Jul 20, 2020
Electrical SystemExterior LightingUnknown Or OtherCrash

AROUND 3 YEARS AGO. 3 PARTS THE LANE DEPARTURE MODULES CONTROL ARE THE BLIND SPOT SENSORS, REAR BACKUP SENSORS AND A FRONT CAMERA. MY LANE DEPARTURE MODULES GOT WET AND MESSED UP MY CAR WHERE THERE WERE MANY THINGS GOING WRONG. WHILE I WAS DRIVING MY CAR SAID THE AIR BAG WENT OFF, THEFT WAS DETECTED, BLOWER FAN & TEMP CONTROLS W…

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AROUND 3 YEARS AGO. 3 PARTS THE LANE DEPARTURE MODULES CONTROL ARE THE BLIND SPOT SENSORS, REAR BACKUP SENSORS AND A FRONT CAMERA. MY LANE DEPARTURE MODULES GOT WET AND MESSED UP MY CAR WHERE THERE WERE MANY THINGS GOING WRONG. WHILE I WAS DRIVING MY CAR SAID THE AIR BAG WENT OFF, THEFT WAS DETECTED, BLOWER FAN & TEMP CONTROLS WHERE GOING ON AND OFF WHILE I WAS DRIVING. 2 YEARS AGO GM AGREED TO REPLACE THE MODULES. THE DEALERSHIP SAID THEY WERE HAVING PROBLEMS WITH THE PROGRAMMING OF THE MODULES. THEY FINALLY GOT THEM TO PROGRAM. THE DAY I PICKED UP MY CAR I NOTICED ISSUES WITH THE SENSOR SYSTEM. THEY SAID TO DRIVE IT. I TOOK IT AND THE PROBLEM GOT WORSE. WITH THE BLIND SPOT SENSOR, ON THE PASSENGER SIDE GOES ON AND OFF ALL THE TIME, I HAVE PICTURES AND VIDEOS SHOWING WHERE I AM DRIVING WITH NO VEHICLE NEXT TO ME AT ALL WITH THE LIGHT FOR THE SENSOR SHINING BRIGHT. THE REAR BACKUP SENSOR DOES NOT WARM ME, LAST WEEK I DID NOT SEE A GARBAGE CAN BEHIND ME BECAUSE IT WAS LOWER THAN MY TRUNK AND I HIT THE CAN AND BROKE MY TAIL LIGHT. THE FRONT SENSOR THAT TELLS ME I AM GOING TO FAST FOR THE CAR IN FRONT OF ME GOES ON RANDOMLY WHEN THE CAR IN FRONT OF ME IS MORE THAN 100 FEET OR NO CAR AT ALL. I HAVE TAKING MY CAR TO 3 DEALERSHIPS 4 TIMES. ALL THE DEANSHIP'S SAY THEY CAN'T FIX IT BECAUSE THEY DON'T GET A CODE. THERE IS NO CODE FOR THIS, NOT TO MENTION WHEN MY LANE DEPARTURE MODULES FAILED THERE WAS NO CODE FOR IT, THEY JUST STOPPED WORKING. THEY SAY IT IS UNDIAGNOSEABLE. GM SAW THE PICTURES AND VIDEOS AND ARE NOW SAYING THERE IS NOTHING WRONG WITH THE SYSTEM WITHOUT LOOKING AT THE CAR JUST THE PICTURES AND VIDEOS. HOW CAN THEY SAY NOTHING IS WRONG WHEN YOU SEE IN THE VIDEOS THE LIGHT IS ON AND NO CAR IS NEXT TO ME? HOW DO I LET MY 15-YEAR-OLD DAUGHTER DRIVE THIS CAR WITH A LIGHT ON WHEN NO ONE IS THERE? PLEASE HELP ME! THE SAFETY AND SECURITY SYSTEM IS NOT SAFE AT ALL.

NHTSA ODI #11340416

116,420 miles · Jul 1, 2020
Electrical SystemUnknown Or Other

BLIND SPOT LIGHT DOES NOT TURN OFF RADIO POWERS ON AND OFF HEADLIGHTS FLASH ON AND OFF INTERIOR LIGHTS FLASH ON AND OFF VEHICLE WILL NOT TURN START

NHTSA ODI #11331928

Mileage unknown · Jun 18, 2020
Electrical System

RECURRING PROBLEMS WITH SIDE DETECTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS. *TR

NHTSA ODI #11329527

51,500 miles · Jun 15, 2020
Electrical SystemUnknown Or Other

ALL MY SIDE SENSORS ARE FAILING AND CAUSING MY INFO SYSTEM TO TURN OFF. ALSO NOTICED SMOKE COMING FROM ONE OF THE SENSORS. THESE EVENTS OCCUR WHEN THE CAR IS STARTED UP. *TR

NHTSA ODI #11328861

75,000 miles · May 9, 2020
Electrical System

I OWN A 2014 CHEVY IMPALA LTZ. DURING THE WINTER OF 2018 - 2019 I STARTED SEEING THE SIDE DETECTION LIGHT COME ON RANDOMLY AND STAYING ON EVEN WHEN THE CAR WAS NOT RUNNING. THE PROBLEM PROGRESSED AND ONE DAY AS I WAS DRIVING DOWN THE HIGHWAY AT 60 MPH, AT NIGHT, ALL POWERED SYSTEMS FLASHED ON AND OFF INCLUDING MY HEADLIGHTS. I B…

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I OWN A 2014 CHEVY IMPALA LTZ. DURING THE WINTER OF 2018 - 2019 I STARTED SEEING THE SIDE DETECTION LIGHT COME ON RANDOMLY AND STAYING ON EVEN WHEN THE CAR WAS NOT RUNNING. THE PROBLEM PROGRESSED AND ONE DAY AS I WAS DRIVING DOWN THE HIGHWAY AT 60 MPH, AT NIGHT, ALL POWERED SYSTEMS FLASHED ON AND OFF INCLUDING MY HEADLIGHTS. I BROUGHT THE CAR INTO THE DEALER AND WAS TOLD IT WAS NOT COVERED. I RELUCTANTLY PAID THE $1,456 BILL. A FEW MONTHS LATER I RECEIVED THE NOTICE THAT THERE WAS A RECALL AND I SUBMITTED A REQUEST FOR REIMBURSEMENT, WHICH I DID RECEIVE FROM THE DEALER. NOW A LITTLE OVER A YEAR LATER I AM HAVING THE SAME ISSUES. I KNEW I NEEDED TO GET THE CAR BACK TO THE DEALER. WHEN I CALLED TO GET AN APPOINTMENT THEY WERE THREE WEEKS OUT. NOW JUST DAYS BEFORE MY APPOINTMENT WITH THE DEALER, MY CAR WON'T EVEN START. ALL ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS FLASH ON AND OFF. MY CAR HAS JUST UNDER 80,000 MILES. THIS IS A MAJOR SAFETY ISSUE AS IT EFFECTS ALL ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS IN THE CAR. MOST OF THE SAFETY FUNCTIONS OF THIS CAR RELY ON THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM. *TR

NHTSA ODI #11323950

127,500 miles · Apr 29, 2020
Electrical System

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2014 CHEVROLET IMPALA. THE CONTACT STATED WHILE DRIVING AT AN UNDISCLOSED SPEED, THE SERVICE BLIND SPOT DETECTION SYSTEM MESSAGE DISPLAYED ON THE INSTRUMENT PANEL. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE FAILURE CAUSED BLIND SPOTS TO THE DRIVER'S AND PASSENGER'S SIDE OF THE VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO DUNN CHEVR…

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TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2014 CHEVROLET IMPALA. THE CONTACT STATED WHILE DRIVING AT AN UNDISCLOSED SPEED, THE SERVICE BLIND SPOT DETECTION SYSTEM MESSAGE DISPLAYED ON THE INSTRUMENT PANEL. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE FAILURE CAUSED BLIND SPOTS TO THE DRIVER'S AND PASSENGER'S SIDE OF THE VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO DUNN CHEVROLET (3000 DUSTIN ROAD, OREGON, OH 43616) TO BE DIAGNOSED. THE CONTACT WAS INFORMED THAT THE SIDE DETECTION MODULE AND WIRING HARNESS NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT NOTIFIED OF THE FAILURE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS APPROXIMATELY 127,500.

NHTSA ODI #11322770

89,000 miles · Apr 15, 2020
Electrical System

MY SIDE DETECTION MODULE HAS GONE OUT AND IS NOW CAUSING OTHER ELECTRICAL FAILURES. MY UNDERSTANDING FROM ONLINE RESEARCH IS THAT THIS IS A COMMON PROBLEM ATTRIBUTED TO DESIGN FLAWS. *TR

NHTSA ODI #11321165

Official recalls

12

15V465000 · Air Bags

Jul 24, 2015

General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2014-2015 Chevrolet Impala vehicles manufactured April 15, 2013, to June 19, 2015, equipped with front vented-heated passenger seats. Accordingly, the Automatic Occupant Sensing (AOS) system may fail to suppress the front passenger air bag if a child seat is in the front passenger seat. These vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 208, "Occupant Crash Protection."

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the front passenger air bag deploys with a child seat in the front passenger seat, it increases the risk of injury to the child.

Remedy: GM will notify owners, and dealers will correct the calibration-learning error by preconditioning the empty seat, and also resetting the ECU to a seat zero-value, free of charge. The recall began on August 25, 2015. Owners may contact Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020. GM's number for this recall is 15400.

15V202000 · Parking Brake

Apr 6, 2015

General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2014 Chevrolet Impala vehicles manufactured March 22, 2013, to May 22, 2014. In the affected vehicles, the electronic parking brake piston actuation arm may not fully retract causing the brake pads to stay partially engaged. Thus, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Systems (FMVSS) No. 135 "Light Vehicle Brake Systems."

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: Brake pads that remain partially engaged with the rotors may cause excessive brake heat that may result in a fire.

Remedy: GM has notified owners, and dealers will reprogram the electronic parking brake control module with new software, free of charge. The recall began on May 6, 2015. Owners may contact Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020. GM's number for this recall is 15259. Note: The vehicles covered by this campaign were previously remedied incorrectly under campaigns 14V541 or 15V085.

15V085000 · Parking Brake

Feb 11, 2015

General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2014 Chevrolet Impala vehicles manufactured November 15, 2012, to May 30, 2014. In the affected vehicles, the electronic parking brake piston actuation arm may not fully retract causing the brake pads to stay partially engaged. Thus, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Systems (FMVSS) No. 135 "Light Vehicle Brake Systems."

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: Brake pads that remain partially engaged with the rotors may cause excessive brake heat that may result in a fire.

Remedy: GM will notify owners, and dealers will reprogram the electronic parking brake control module with new software, free of charge. The recall began March 5, 2015. Owners may contact Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020 (Chevrolet). GM's number for this recall is 15100. Note: This recall covers a limited population of vehicles that were remedied incorrectly under recall 14V-541.

14V614000 · Electrical System

Oct 1, 2014

General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2013-2014 Cadillac CTS, Escalade, Escalade ESV, Chevrolet Suburban, Tahoe, GMC Yukon, and Yukon XL, and 2014 Buick Enclave, Chevrolet Express, Impala, Silverado HD, Traverse, GMC Acadia, Savana, and Sierra HD vehicles. In the affected vehicles, the chassis electronic module may be internally contaminated, resulting in an electrical short.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the module experiences an electrical short, the vehicle could stall, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: GM will notify owners, and dealers will replace the chassis electronic module, free of charge. The recall began on December 26, 2014. Owners may contact GM customer service at 1-800-521-7300 (Buick), 1-800-458-006 (Cadillac), 1-800-222-1020 (Chevrolet), and 1-800-462-8782 (GMC). GM’s number for this recall is 14515.

14V541000 · Parking Brake

Sep 9, 2014

General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2013-2015 Cadillac XTS vehicles manufactured February 14, 2012, to August 22, 2014, and 2014-2015 Chevrolet Impala vehicles manufactured November 5, 2012, to September 2, 2014. In the affected vehicles, the electronic parking brake piston actuation arm may not fully retract causing the brake pads to stay partially engaged.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: Brake pads that remain partially engaged with the rotors may cause excessive brake heat that may result in a fire.

Remedy: GM will notify owners, and dealers will update the electronic parking brake software, free of charge. The recall began on October 28, 2014. Owners may contact Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020, or Cadillac customer service at 1-800-458-8006. GM's number for this recall is 14471.

14V518000 · Air Bags:frontal:sensor/control MODULE-INACTIVE

Aug 28, 2014

General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2013-2014 Cadillac XTS vehicles manufactured April 11, 2013, to June 27, 2013, and 2014 Chevrolet Impala vehicles manufactured May 13, 2013, to November 5, 2013. The affected vehicles may have left the factory with the sensing and diagnostic module (SDM) set to "manufacturing mode."

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: In manufacturing mode, the vehicle's air bags will not deploy in the event of a crash, increasing the risk of occupant injury.

Remedy: GM will notify owners, and dealers are to reprogram the SDM to the correct mode, free of charge. The recall is expected to begin in September 2014. Owners may contact Cadillac customer service at 1-800-458-8006 or Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020. GM's number for this recall is 14532.

14V489000 · Structure

Aug 8, 2014

General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2014-2015 Chevrolet Impala vehicles manufactured May 7, 2014, to July 28, 2014. In the event of an accident, the center storage console may not stay latched. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 201, "Occupant Protection In Interior Impact."

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: The storage compartment door may not remain closed in the event of a crash, increasing the risk of occupant injury.

Remedy: Parts to remedy this condition are not currently available. GM will send owners an interim notification in early October 2014, and will send a second letter when parts are available. At that time dealers will inspect, and if necessary, replace the console storage compartment door inertia latch, free of charge. Owners may contact Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020. GM's number for this recall is 14476.

14V450000 · Steering:electric Power Assist System

Jul 23, 2014

General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2014 Chevrolet Impala vehicles manufactured November 5, 2012, to December 20, 2013. Due to a poor electrical ground connection to the Power Steering Control Module (PSCM), the affected vehicles may have a loss of power steering assist during start up or while driving.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If power steering assist is lost, greater driver effort would be required to steer the vehicle at low speeds, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: GM will notify owners, and dealers will clean paint from behind the ground stud nut and update the PSCM software, free of charge. Owners may contact Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020. The recall began on August 21, 2014. GM's number for this recall is 14330.

14V409000 · Steering

Jul 2, 2014

General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2014 Buick Regal, Cadillac XTS, Chevrolet Camaro and Chevrolet Impala vehicles. Improperly torqued fasteners may cause the steering intermediate shaft and the steering gear and/or the lower control arm and the lower ball joint to separate.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If any of the components separate, the vehicle may have a loss of steering, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: GM began to notify owners on June 27, 2014, and dealers will inspect the fasteners for correct torque, correcting them as necessary, free of charge. Owners may contact GM customer service at 1-800-521-7300 (Buick), 1-800-458-8006 (Cadillac) or 1-800-222-1020 (Chevrolet). GM's number for this recall is 14378.

14V355000 · Electrical System:ignition

Jun 23, 2014

This defect can affect the safe operation of the airbag system. Until this recall is performed, customers should remove all items from their key rings, leaving only the ignition key. The key fob (if applicable), should also be removed from the key ring. General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2005-2009 Buick LaCrosse, 2006-2011 Buick Lucerne, 2000-2005 Cadillac DeVille, 2006-2011 Cadillac DTS, 2006-2014 Chevrolet Impala, and 2006-2007 Chevrolet Monte Carlo vehicles. In the affected vehicles, the weight on the key ring and road conditions or some other jarring event may cause the ignition switch to move out of the run position, turning off the engine.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the key is not in the run position, the air bags may not deploy if the vehicle is involved in a crash, increasing the risk of injury. Additionally, a key knocked out of the run position will cause loss of engine power, power steering, and power braking, increasing the risk of a vehicle crash.

Remedy: GM will notify owners, and dealers will install two key rings and an insert in the key slot or a cover over the key head on all ignition keys, free of charge. The recall began on September 23, 2014. Owners may contact General Motors customer service at 1-800-521-7300 (Buick), 1-800-458-8006 (Cadillac), and 1-800-222-1020 (Chevrolet). GM's number for this recall is 14299.

14V092000 · Power Train:automatic Transmission

Feb 21, 2014

General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2014 Buick Regal, LaCrosse, Verano, and Enclave, and Chevrolet Impala, Malibu, Cruze, and Traverse, and GMC Acadia vehicles equipped with automatic transmissions. In the affected vehicles, the transmission shift cable adjuster may disengage from the transmission shift lever. As such, these vehicles do not conform to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) number 102, "Transmission Shift Lever Sequence, Starter Interlock, and Transmission Braking Effect." They also fail to conform to FMVSS number 114, "Theft Protection and Rollaway Prevention."

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If a vehicle's shift cable disengages from the transmission shift lever, a driver may be unable to shift gear positions and the indicated shift position may not represent the gear position the vehicle is in. Should a disengagement occur while the vehicle is being driven, when the driver goes to stop and park the vehicle, the driver may be able to shift the lever to the "PARK" position, but the vehicle transmission may not be in the "PARK" gear position. If the vehicle is not in the "PARK" position there is a risk the vehicle will roll away as the driver and other occupants exit the vehicle or anytime thereafter. A vehicle rollaway increases the risk of injury to exiting occupants and bystanders.

Remedy: General Motors will notify owners, and dealers will inspect and replace any affected transmission shift cable adjusters, free of charge. The recall began on April 10, 2014. Chevrolet owners may contact General Motors at 1-800-222-1020, Buick owners at 1-800-521-7300, and GMC owners at 1-800-462-8782. General Motors' number associated with this recall is 14048.

13V220000 · Electrical System; Exterior Lighting:brake Lights

May 24, 2013

General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2013 Cadillac ATS and model year 2013 Cadillac XTS; model year 2014 Chevrolet Impala; and 2013 Chevrolet Sonic vehicles. Originally, in May 2013, GM recalled 1,627 model year 2013 Cadillac ATS and model year 2013 Cadillac XTS; and model year 2014 Chevrolet Impala vehicles. In October 2013, GM informed the agency that it was adding model year 2013 Chevrolet Sonic vehicles to this campaign , representing an additional 8,050 units. The total number of vehicles being recalled is now 9,677. On the affected vehicles, the brake lamps may intermittently flash without the brakes being applied and the cruise control may disengage. Thus, these vehicles fail to conform to the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 108, "Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment."

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the brake lamps flash when the vehicle is not slowing, a following driver may not adjust vehicle speed when the vehicle is in fact braking, and the brake lamps are illuminating as intended, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: GM will notify owners, and dealers will reprogram the body control module. The recall began on June 13, 2013. Owner's may contact Chevrolet at 1-800-630-2438 or Cadillac at 1-866-982-2339. GM's recall number is 13158.

Additional source detail variants (2)

Exterior Lighting:brake Lights

General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2013 Cadillac ATS and model year 2013 Cadillac XTS; model year 2014 Chevrolet Impala; and 2013 Chevrolet Sonic vehicles. Originally, in May 2013, GM recalled 1,627 model year 2013 Cadillac ATS and model year 2013 Cadillac XTS; and model year 2014 Chevrolet Impala vehicles. In October 2013, GM informed the agency that it was adding model year 2013 Chevrolet Sonic vehicles to this campaign , representing an additional 8,050 units. The total number of vehicles being recalled is now 9,677. On the affected vehicles, the brake lamps may intermittently flash without the brakes being applied and the cruise control may disengage. Thus, these vehicles fail to conform to the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 108, "Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment."

Consequence: If the brake lamps flash when the vehicle is not slowing, a following driver may not adjust vehicle speed when the vehicle is in fact braking, and the brake lamps are illuminating as intended, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: GM will notify owners, and dealers will reprogram the body control module. The recall began on June 13, 2013. Owner's may contact Chevrolet at 1-800-630-2438 or Cadillac at 1-866-982-2339. GM's recall number is 13158.

Electrical System

General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2013 Cadillac ATS and model year 2013 Cadillac XTS; model year 2014 Chevrolet Impala; and 2013 Chevrolet Sonic vehicles. Originally, in May 2013, GM recalled 1,627 model year 2013 Cadillac ATS and model year 2013 Cadillac XTS; and model year 2014 Chevrolet Impala vehicles. In October 2013, GM informed the agency that it was adding model year 2013 Chevrolet Sonic vehicles to this campaign , representing an additional 8,050 units. The total number of vehicles being recalled is now 9,677. On the affected vehicles, the brake lamps may intermittently flash without the brakes being applied and the cruise control may disengage. Thus, these vehicles fail to conform to the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 108, "Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment."

Consequence: If the brake lamps flash when the vehicle is not slowing, a following driver may not adjust vehicle speed when the vehicle is in fact braking, and the brake lamps are illuminating as intended, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: GM will notify owners, and dealers will reprogram the body control module. The recall began on June 13, 2013. Owner's may contact Chevrolet at 1-800-630-2438 or Cadillac at 1-866-982-2339. GM's recall number is 13158.

Model-level recall history does not show whether a particular VIN is affected or has received a repair. Check a VIN with NHTSA ↗

NHTSA investigations

2

AQ17002 · Bical Chevrolet/loss Of Power Steering

Opened Mar 16, 2017 · Closed May 14, 2020

Status: closed (inferred from source dates) · Steering:electric Power Assist System

NHTSA opened AQ17-002 to determine whether BiCal Chevrolet of Valley Stream, New York (BiCal) has complied with the requirements of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, 49 U.S.C. Chapter 301 (Safety Act) and its implementing regulations. The Safety Act requires, among other things, that a manufacturer notify its dealers of defects related to motor vehicle safety and non-compliances with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and, in turn, that a dealer not sell a new vehicle subject to a recall unless the recall remedy has been performed (49 U.S.C. ?30120(i)).NHTSA issued an information request (IR) letter to BiCal on March 15, 2017. BiCal responded to this request on November 8, 2017. On March 16, 2017, an IR letter was issued to General Motors LLC (GM) and a response was received from GM on April 28, 2017. In NHTSA?s view, it had difficulties in obtaining responses to IR letters from BiCal throughout the AQ investigation, including not receiving a response to the first IR until more than three months after the original deadline. Additionally, in NHTSA's view, BiCal failed to provide a full response to the second IR. BiCal does not contest NHTSA's conclusion that it violated the Safety Act by initially failing to provide full and complete responses to the IRs from NHTSA by their deadlines. NHTSA's investigation also indicated that BiCal sold and delivered at least 54 recalled vehicles that did not have the recall remedy completed at the time the vehicles were delivered to the customers.BiCal did not contest NHTSA?s conclusion that it violated the Safety Act by selling and delivering certain new motor vehicles that were subject to a recall before the vehicles were remedied.Under a Settlement Agreement dated March 11, 2019, BiCal agreed to pay compromised civil penalties in the amount of $40,000. This Audit Query is closed.

PE14010 · Active Safety System Malfunction

Opened Apr 15, 2014 · Closed Nov 21, 2014

Status: closed (inferred from source dates) · Forward Collision Avoidance; Forward Collision Avoidance: Adaptive Cruise Control; Forward Collision Avoidance: Crash Imminent Braking; Parking Brake; Parking Brake:indicator Light

On April 15, 2014, the Office of Defects Investigations (ODI) opened Preliminary Evaluation PE14-010 based on two complaints alleging incidents of sudden/severe uncommanded braking resulting in rear impact collisions in model year (MY) 2014 Chevrolet Impala vehicles.ODI analyzed all complaints related to allegations of unwanted brake activations while driving that were provided by GM or submitted to ODI from consumers and has not identified any additional incidents involving sudden, extended (greater than 1 second) autonomous braking.The two crash complaints that were the basis of PE14-010 involved rental vehicles equipped with an Electric Park Brake (EPB) system.Neither vehicle was equipped with Full Speed Range Adaptive Cruise Control (FSRACC) or Forward Collision Alert (FCA) systems. According to GM, brake lights will be illuminated if the service brakes are applied or the EPB system is activated while the vehicle is moving (dynamic EPB brake apply).In a dynamic EPB brake apply, the Electric Brake Control Module (EBCM) initiates a controlled deceleration while activating a chime and a telltale light.If the service brake is applied at any time during dynamic EPB brake apply, the system provides a substantially greater deceleration.Witness statements and analysis of crash data from the two incidents are consistent with inadvertent dynamic EPB brake applications.Both reports alleged beeping noise immediately before the accidents and one pre-crash data report shows a moderate initial vehicle deceleration followed by in increase in deceleration to approximately 0.6g just prior to the vehicle stopping and being struck from the rear.During this investigation, General Motors LLC (GM) inspected the two crash incident vehicles and examined each of the EPB switches to assess potential mechanical and electrical fault conditions.The testing and part examination did not find any evidence of mechanical or electrical failure of the EPB switches and GM did not identify any faults in the subject components or systems that could have caused or contributed to autonomous brake applications in the incident vehicles.According to GM, the evidence indicates the events were caused by inadvertent driver actuation of the EPB switch. Additionally, during this investigation, GM identified a defect condition in the EPB software in approximately 132,921 model year (MY) 2014 through 2015 Chevrolet Impala and MY 2013 through 2015 Cadillac XTS vehicles (Recall No. 14V-541) that could result in failure of the EPB to release after vehicle start-up.In this condition, the electronic parking brake piston actuation arm may not fully retract when the driver disengages the EPB, which may cause the brake pads to stay partially engaged with the rotor.According to GM, the parking brake indicator may not illuminate when the EPB is engaged and the driver may experience poor vehicle acceleration, undesired deceleration during idle coast-down, excessive brake heat, and premature wear to some brake components. If the vehicle is operated for an extended period of time in this condition, there is a potential for the rear brakes to generate significant heat, smoke, and sparks.GM and its supplier, Mando Pyeongtaek, upgraded the EPB software to address brake drag conditions and issued a recall bulletin on September 4, 2014 instructing dealers to reprogram the electronic parking brake control module on all affected vehicles. This preliminary evaluation is closed.The closing of this investigation does not constitute a finding that a safety-related defect does not exist.For additional information regarding this investigation, see Attachment A to this c

Additional source detail variants (5)

Forward Collision Avoidance: Adaptive Cruise Control

On April 15, 2014, the Office of Defects Investigations (ODI) opened Preliminary Evaluation PE14-010 based on two complaints alleging incidents of sudden/severe uncommanded braking resulting in rear impact collisions in model year (MY) 2014 Chevrolet Impala vehicles.ODI analyzed all complaints related to allegations of unwanted brake activations while driving that were provided by GM or submitted to ODI from consumers and has not identified any additional incidents involving sudden, extended (greater than 1 second) autonomous braking.The two crash complaints that were the basis of PE14-010 involved rental vehicles equipped with an Electric Park Brake (EPB) system.Neither vehicle was equipped with Full Speed Range Adaptive Cruise Control (FSRACC) or Forward Collision Alert (FCA) systems. According to GM, brake lights will be illuminated if the service brakes are applied or the EPB system is activated while the vehicle is moving (dynamic EPB brake apply).In a dynamic EPB brake apply, the Electric Brake Control Module (EBCM) initiates a controlled deceleration while activating a chime and a telltale light.If the service brake is applied at any time during dynamic EPB brake apply, the system provides a substantially greater deceleration.Witness statements and analysis of crash data from the two incidents are consistent with inadvertent dynamic EPB brake applications.Both reports alleged beeping noise immediately before the accidents and one pre-crash data report shows a moderate initial vehicle deceleration followed by in increase in deceleration to approximately 0.6g just prior to the vehicle stopping and being struck from the rear.During this investigation, General Motors LLC (GM) inspected the two crash incident vehicles and examined each of the EPB switches to assess potential mechanical and electrical fault conditions.The testing and part examination did not find any evidence of mechanical or electrical failure of the EPB switches and GM did not identify any faults in the subject components or systems that could have caused or contributed to autonomous brake applications in the incident vehicles.According to GM, the evidence indicates the events were caused by inadvertent driver actuation of the EPB switch. Additionally, during this investigation, GM identified a defect condition in the EPB software in approximately 132,921 model year (MY) 2014 through 2015 Chevrolet Impala and MY 2013 through 2015 Cadillac XTS vehicles (Recall No. 14V-541) that could result in failure of the EPB to release after vehicle start-up.In this condition, the electronic parking brake piston actuation arm may not fully retract when the driver disengages the EPB, which may cause the brake pads to stay partially engaged with the rotor.According to GM, the parking brake indicator may not illuminate when the EPB is engaged and the driver may experience poor vehicle acceleration, undesired deceleration during idle coast-down, excessive brake heat, and premature wear to some brake components. If the vehicle is operated for an extended period of time in this condition, there is a potential for the rear brakes to generate significant heat, smoke, and sparks.GM and its supplier, Mando Pyeongtaek, upgraded the EPB software to address brake drag conditions and issued a recall bulletin on September 4, 2014 instructing dealers to reprogram the electronic parking brake control module on all affected vehicles. This preliminary evaluation is closed.The closing of this investigation does not constitute a finding that a safety-related defect does not exist.For additional information regarding this investigation, see Attachment A to this c

Forward Collision Avoidance: Crash Imminent Braking

On April 15, 2014, the Office of Defects Investigations (ODI) opened Preliminary Evaluation PE14-010 based on two complaints alleging incidents of sudden/severe uncommanded braking resulting in rear impact collisions in model year (MY) 2014 Chevrolet Impala vehicles.ODI analyzed all complaints related to allegations of unwanted brake activations while driving that were provided by GM or submitted to ODI from consumers and has not identified any additional incidents involving sudden, extended (greater than 1 second) autonomous braking.The two crash complaints that were the basis of PE14-010 involved rental vehicles equipped with an Electric Park Brake (EPB) system.Neither vehicle was equipped with Full Speed Range Adaptive Cruise Control (FSRACC) or Forward Collision Alert (FCA) systems. According to GM, brake lights will be illuminated if the service brakes are applied or the EPB system is activated while the vehicle is moving (dynamic EPB brake apply).In a dynamic EPB brake apply, the Electric Brake Control Module (EBCM) initiates a controlled deceleration while activating a chime and a telltale light.If the service brake is applied at any time during dynamic EPB brake apply, the system provides a substantially greater deceleration.Witness statements and analysis of crash data from the two incidents are consistent with inadvertent dynamic EPB brake applications.Both reports alleged beeping noise immediately before the accidents and one pre-crash data report shows a moderate initial vehicle deceleration followed by in increase in deceleration to approximately 0.6g just prior to the vehicle stopping and being struck from the rear.During this investigation, General Motors LLC (GM) inspected the two crash incident vehicles and examined each of the EPB switches to assess potential mechanical and electrical fault conditions.The testing and part examination did not find any evidence of mechanical or electrical failure of the EPB switches and GM did not identify any faults in the subject components or systems that could have caused or contributed to autonomous brake applications in the incident vehicles.According to GM, the evidence indicates the events were caused by inadvertent driver actuation of the EPB switch. Additionally, during this investigation, GM identified a defect condition in the EPB software in approximately 132,921 model year (MY) 2014 through 2015 Chevrolet Impala and MY 2013 through 2015 Cadillac XTS vehicles (Recall No. 14V-541) that could result in failure of the EPB to release after vehicle start-up.In this condition, the electronic parking brake piston actuation arm may not fully retract when the driver disengages the EPB, which may cause the brake pads to stay partially engaged with the rotor.According to GM, the parking brake indicator may not illuminate when the EPB is engaged and the driver may experience poor vehicle acceleration, undesired deceleration during idle coast-down, excessive brake heat, and premature wear to some brake components. If the vehicle is operated for an extended period of time in this condition, there is a potential for the rear brakes to generate significant heat, smoke, and sparks.GM and its supplier, Mando Pyeongtaek, upgraded the EPB software to address brake drag conditions and issued a recall bulletin on September 4, 2014 instructing dealers to reprogram the electronic parking brake control module on all affected vehicles. This preliminary evaluation is closed.The closing of this investigation does not constitute a finding that a safety-related defect does not exist.For additional information regarding this investigation, see Attachment A to this c

Forward Collision Avoidance

On April 15, 2014, the Office of Defects Investigations (ODI) opened Preliminary Evaluation PE14-010 based on two complaints alleging incidents of sudden/severe uncommanded braking resulting in rear impact collisions in model year (MY) 2014 Chevrolet Impala vehicles.ODI analyzed all complaints related to allegations of unwanted brake activations while driving that were provided by GM or submitted to ODI from consumers and has not identified any additional incidents involving sudden, extended (greater than 1 second) autonomous braking.The two crash complaints that were the basis of PE14-010 involved rental vehicles equipped with an Electric Park Brake (EPB) system.Neither vehicle was equipped with Full Speed Range Adaptive Cruise Control (FSRACC) or Forward Collision Alert (FCA) systems. According to GM, brake lights will be illuminated if the service brakes are applied or the EPB system is activated while the vehicle is moving (dynamic EPB brake apply).In a dynamic EPB brake apply, the Electric Brake Control Module (EBCM) initiates a controlled deceleration while activating a chime and a telltale light.If the service brake is applied at any time during dynamic EPB brake apply, the system provides a substantially greater deceleration.Witness statements and analysis of crash data from the two incidents are consistent with inadvertent dynamic EPB brake applications.Both reports alleged beeping noise immediately before the accidents and one pre-crash data report shows a moderate initial vehicle deceleration followed by in increase in deceleration to approximately 0.6g just prior to the vehicle stopping and being struck from the rear.During this investigation, General Motors LLC (GM) inspected the two crash incident vehicles and examined each of the EPB switches to assess potential mechanical and electrical fault conditions.The testing and part examination did not find any evidence of mechanical or electrical failure of the EPB switches and GM did not identify any faults in the subject components or systems that could have caused or contributed to autonomous brake applications in the incident vehicles.According to GM, the evidence indicates the events were caused by inadvertent driver actuation of the EPB switch. Additionally, during this investigation, GM identified a defect condition in the EPB software in approximately 132,921 model year (MY) 2014 through 2015 Chevrolet Impala and MY 2013 through 2015 Cadillac XTS vehicles (Recall No. 14V-541) that could result in failure of the EPB to release after vehicle start-up.In this condition, the electronic parking brake piston actuation arm may not fully retract when the driver disengages the EPB, which may cause the brake pads to stay partially engaged with the rotor.According to GM, the parking brake indicator may not illuminate when the EPB is engaged and the driver may experience poor vehicle acceleration, undesired deceleration during idle coast-down, excessive brake heat, and premature wear to some brake components. If the vehicle is operated for an extended period of time in this condition, there is a potential for the rear brakes to generate significant heat, smoke, and sparks.GM and its supplier, Mando Pyeongtaek, upgraded the EPB software to address brake drag conditions and issued a recall bulletin on September 4, 2014 instructing dealers to reprogram the electronic parking brake control module on all affected vehicles. This preliminary evaluation is closed.The closing of this investigation does not constitute a finding that a safety-related defect does not exist.For additional information regarding this investigation, see Attachment A to this c

Parking Brake

On April 15, 2014, the Office of Defects Investigations (ODI) opened Preliminary Evaluation PE14-010 based on two complaints alleging incidents of sudden/severe uncommanded braking resulting in rear impact collisions in model year (MY) 2014 Chevrolet Impala vehicles.ODI analyzed all complaints related to allegations of unwanted brake activations while driving that were provided by GM or submitted to ODI from consumers and has not identified any additional incidents involving sudden, extended (greater than 1 second) autonomous braking.The two crash complaints that were the basis of PE14-010 involved rental vehicles equipped with an Electric Park Brake (EPB) system.Neither vehicle was equipped with Full Speed Range Adaptive Cruise Control (FSRACC) or Forward Collision Alert (FCA) systems. According to GM, brake lights will be illuminated if the service brakes are applied or the EPB system is activated while the vehicle is moving (dynamic EPB brake apply).In a dynamic EPB brake apply, the Electric Brake Control Module (EBCM) initiates a controlled deceleration while activating a chime and a telltale light.If the service brake is applied at any time during dynamic EPB brake apply, the system provides a substantially greater deceleration.Witness statements and analysis of crash data from the two incidents are consistent with inadvertent dynamic EPB brake applications.Both reports alleged beeping noise immediately before the accidents and one pre-crash data report shows a moderate initial vehicle deceleration followed by in increase in deceleration to approximately 0.6g just prior to the vehicle stopping and being struck from the rear.During this investigation, General Motors LLC (GM) inspected the two crash incident vehicles and examined each of the EPB switches to assess potential mechanical and electrical fault conditions.The testing and part examination did not find any evidence of mechanical or electrical failure of the EPB switches and GM did not identify any faults in the subject components or systems that could have caused or contributed to autonomous brake applications in the incident vehicles.According to GM, the evidence indicates the events were caused by inadvertent driver actuation of the EPB switch. Additionally, during this investigation, GM identified a defect condition in the EPB software in approximately 132,921 model year (MY) 2014 through 2015 Chevrolet Impala and MY 2013 through 2015 Cadillac XTS vehicles (Recall No. 14V-541) that could result in failure of the EPB to release after vehicle start-up.In this condition, the electronic parking brake piston actuation arm may not fully retract when the driver disengages the EPB, which may cause the brake pads to stay partially engaged with the rotor.According to GM, the parking brake indicator may not illuminate when the EPB is engaged and the driver may experience poor vehicle acceleration, undesired deceleration during idle coast-down, excessive brake heat, and premature wear to some brake components. If the vehicle is operated for an extended period of time in this condition, there is a potential for the rear brakes to generate significant heat, smoke, and sparks.GM and its supplier, Mando Pyeongtaek, upgraded the EPB software to address brake drag conditions and issued a recall bulletin on September 4, 2014 instructing dealers to reprogram the electronic parking brake control module on all affected vehicles. This preliminary evaluation is closed.The closing of this investigation does not constitute a finding that a safety-related defect does not exist.For additional information regarding this investigation, see Attachment A to this c

Parking Brake:indicator Light

On April 15, 2014, the Office of Defects Investigations (ODI) opened Preliminary Evaluation PE14-010 based on two complaints alleging incidents of sudden/severe uncommanded braking resulting in rear impact collisions in model year (MY) 2014 Chevrolet Impala vehicles.ODI analyzed all complaints related to allegations of unwanted brake activations while driving that were provided by GM or submitted to ODI from consumers and has not identified any additional incidents involving sudden, extended (greater than 1 second) autonomous braking.The two crash complaints that were the basis of PE14-010 involved rental vehicles equipped with an Electric Park Brake (EPB) system.Neither vehicle was equipped with Full Speed Range Adaptive Cruise Control (FSRACC) or Forward Collision Alert (FCA) systems. According to GM, brake lights will be illuminated if the service brakes are applied or the EPB system is activated while the vehicle is moving (dynamic EPB brake apply).In a dynamic EPB brake apply, the Electric Brake Control Module (EBCM) initiates a controlled deceleration while activating a chime and a telltale light.If the service brake is applied at any time during dynamic EPB brake apply, the system provides a substantially greater deceleration.Witness statements and analysis of crash data from the two incidents are consistent with inadvertent dynamic EPB brake applications.Both reports alleged beeping noise immediately before the accidents and one pre-crash data report shows a moderate initial vehicle deceleration followed by in increase in deceleration to approximately 0.6g just prior to the vehicle stopping and being struck from the rear.During this investigation, General Motors LLC (GM) inspected the two crash incident vehicles and examined each of the EPB switches to assess potential mechanical and electrical fault conditions.The testing and part examination did not find any evidence of mechanical or electrical failure of the EPB switches and GM did not identify any faults in the subject components or systems that could have caused or contributed to autonomous brake applications in the incident vehicles.According to GM, the evidence indicates the events were caused by inadvertent driver actuation of the EPB switch. Additionally, during this investigation, GM identified a defect condition in the EPB software in approximately 132,921 model year (MY) 2014 through 2015 Chevrolet Impala and MY 2013 through 2015 Cadillac XTS vehicles (Recall No. 14V-541) that could result in failure of the EPB to release after vehicle start-up.In this condition, the electronic parking brake piston actuation arm may not fully retract when the driver disengages the EPB, which may cause the brake pads to stay partially engaged with the rotor.According to GM, the parking brake indicator may not illuminate when the EPB is engaged and the driver may experience poor vehicle acceleration, undesired deceleration during idle coast-down, excessive brake heat, and premature wear to some brake components. If the vehicle is operated for an extended period of time in this condition, there is a potential for the rear brakes to generate significant heat, smoke, and sparks.GM and its supplier, Mando Pyeongtaek, upgraded the EPB software to address brake drag conditions and issued a recall bulletin on September 4, 2014 instructing dealers to reprogram the electronic parking brake control module on all affected vehicles. This preliminary evaluation is closed.The closing of this investigation does not constitute a finding that a safety-related defect does not exist.For additional information regarding this investigation, see Attachment A to this c