one seat belt in the BACK SEAT on PASSENGER SIDE SEAT BELT WILL NOT PULL out . stay stuck . can pull out to 1.5 inches then somtimes "3. then back to "1.5
2015 BMW X5
Owner reports · Recalls · Investigations
Similar to other model years
Owner complaints for the 2015 BMW X5 do not stand out strongly from the model-year median of 100.5.
About this comparison →How this year compares
Owner complaints by model year
Compare all X5 years →Counts vary with age, sales and reporting. They are not failure rates.
What owners reported most
All reported categories
Tap a category to read its complaints. One report may name several components.
When problems were reported
Mileage at the reported incident
71 reports with mileage · 81 unknown
NHTSA’s mileage field refers to the reported incident, not necessarily the filing date. This shows report counts, not the likelihood of a failure.
What to inspect
Issues worth paying extra attention to based on owner reports.
- Engine. Review the 42 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
- Fuel/propulsion System. Review the 30 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
- Fuel System, Diesel. Review the 20 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
NHTSA owner reports · September 18, 2026 snapshot.
Seat Belts complaints
6 reportsThe car currently has 28,899 miles to date. Mid November 2023, the dashboard indicated that there was a default with the safety system. I took the car to the authorized service center and their diagnostics indicated as follows: Faulty crash safety module. The recommendation was to replace and program ACSM control unit. Since thi…
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The car currently has 28,899 miles to date. Mid November 2023, the dashboard indicated that there was a default with the safety system. I took the car to the authorized service center and their diagnostics indicated as follows: Faulty crash safety module. The recommendation was to replace and program ACSM control unit. Since this was a matter of my personal safety I had to pay $2100 to fix it. The second issue was the sunroof not closing. The diagnostic found the following problems: excessive corrosion on sunroof cassette it to fail ( water entering the sunroof).
passenger seat restraint system
THREE WARNING MESSAGES APPEAR (I HVE TO CLICK "OK" TO REMOVE THEM) EACH TIME I START THE CAR. THE MESSAGE IS ABOUT THE AIRBAG, THE BELT TENSIONER, AND THE BELT FORCE LIMITER. THIS FOR THE BOTH THE DRIVER SIDE AND PASSENGER SIDE. I CAN STILL DRIVE THE CAR, BUT NOTICE THROUGH EXPEIMENTATION,THAT SOMETIMES WHEN I GIVE A RAPID TUG…
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THREE WARNING MESSAGES APPEAR (I HVE TO CLICK "OK" TO REMOVE THEM) EACH TIME I START THE CAR. THE MESSAGE IS ABOUT THE AIRBAG, THE BELT TENSIONER, AND THE BELT FORCE LIMITER. THIS FOR THE BOTH THE DRIVER SIDE AND PASSENGER SIDE. I CAN STILL DRIVE THE CAR, BUT NOTICE THROUGH EXPEIMENTATION,THAT SOMETIMES WHEN I GIVE A RAPID TUG ON THE SHOULDER BELT IT STOPS AFTER A FEW INCHES (AS IT SHOULD) AND SOMETIMES IT GOES FORWARD A COUPLE OF FEET WITHOUT ANY REISTANCE. I HAVE NOT DONE ANY OTHER EXPERIMENTATION. THIS IS TRUE FOR THE VEHICLE BEING STATIONARY AND IN MOTION. SINCE THE DEALER WANTS $185 JUST TO LOOK (I AM A FEW MONTHS OUT OF WARRANTY), I WOULD FIRST LIKE TO KNOW IF OTHER PEOPLE ARE HAVING THE SAME ISSUE AND THEIR IS THE REALISTIC POSSIBLITY OF A RECALL. THIS WOULD SAVE ME ANALYSIS AND SUBSEQUENT REPAIR EXPENSES.
FRONT PASSENGER SEAT BELT IS INSTALLED INCORRECTLY WITHIN THE B PILLAR CAUSING THE BELT TO BE TWISTED AND INTERFERES WITH THE SPEED AND TOTALITY OF THE BELT'S RETRACTION. I NOTED THIS TO THE SALESMAN AT NEW VEHICLE DELIVERY AND WAS TOLD IT WAS NOT A SAFETY CONCERN AND THAT THEY'D FIX IT AT THE NEXT SERVICE APPOINTMENT. AT THE …
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FRONT PASSENGER SEAT BELT IS INSTALLED INCORRECTLY WITHIN THE B PILLAR CAUSING THE BELT TO BE TWISTED AND INTERFERES WITH THE SPEED AND TOTALITY OF THE BELT'S RETRACTION. I NOTED THIS TO THE SALESMAN AT NEW VEHICLE DELIVERY AND WAS TOLD IT WAS NOT A SAFETY CONCERN AND THAT THEY'D FIX IT AT THE NEXT SERVICE APPOINTMENT. AT THE SERVICE APPOINTMENT, I COMPLAINED AGAIN ABOUT THE TWISTED SEAT BELT AND WAS FIRST ACCUSED OF TWISTING THE SEAT BELT. THE BMW TECHS ATTEMPTED TO "UNTWIST" THE SEAT BELT AND TOLD ME THAT THEY HAD FIXED IT. UPON RETURN OF THE VEHICLE, THE PASSENGER SEAT BELT STOPPED RETRACTING PROPERLY AND IS STILL TWISTED. THIS DEFECT APPLIES TO ALL STATES OF VEHICLE OPERATION AND DEALER HAS FAILED TO RECTIFY THE SITUATION ON TWO OCCASIONS. I DO NOT TRUST THE SEAT BELT WAS ENGINEERED TO WITHSTAND AN ACCIDENT WHILE INSTALLED BACKWARDS AND CERTAINLY NOT WITH A FOLDED/TWISTED/KINKED BELT. I NOW BELIEVE THIS TO BE A SERIOUS SAFETY CONCERN BECAUSE BMW HAS FAILED TO RECTIFY THIS FACTORY DEFECT WHICH SEEMS TO CREASE AND CAUSE IRREPARABLE HARM TO THE SEAT BELT, BEING RETRACTED IN SUCH A STATE. I DO NOT WANT A PASSENGER INJURED OR KILLED BECAUSE OF A FACTORY DEFECTIVE SEAT BELT WHICH I HAVE ATTEMPTED TO RECTIFY SINCE TAKING DELIVERY OF THIS CUSTOM-ORDERED VEHICLE IN 10/2015. 3 PHOTOS OF IMPROPERLY INSTALLED FRONT PASSENGER SEAT BELT INCLUDED. PHOTO OF PROPERLY FUNCTIONING DRIVER'S SIDE SEAT BELT INCLUDED FOR COMPARISON.
I WAS DRIVING MY 2015 X5 (BOUGHT IT NEW IN MARCH AND THE CAR ONLY HAS 2599 MILES RIGHT WHEN THE MALFUNCTION HAPPENED ON AUG 8TH 2015) TO A LOCAL TRADER JOE'S AFTER GETTING OFF FROM HIGHWAY 101 WHEN SUDDENLY EVERYTHING ON THE CAR FAILED. I WAS IN THE MIDDLE OF A LEFT TURN AND ALMOST RAN INTO THE CAR NEXT TO ME WHICH ALSO WAS TURN…
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I WAS DRIVING MY 2015 X5 (BOUGHT IT NEW IN MARCH AND THE CAR ONLY HAS 2599 MILES RIGHT WHEN THE MALFUNCTION HAPPENED ON AUG 8TH 2015) TO A LOCAL TRADER JOE'S AFTER GETTING OFF FROM HIGHWAY 101 WHEN SUDDENLY EVERYTHING ON THE CAR FAILED. I WAS IN THE MIDDLE OF A LEFT TURN AND ALMOST RAN INTO THE CAR NEXT TO ME WHICH ALSO WAS TURNING LEFT WHEN THE STEERING WHEEL BECAME SO STIFF THAT I CAN HARDLY TURN IT. AT THE SAME TIME, THE AIRBAG MALFUNCTION LIGHT IS ON AND THE SAFETY BELT RESTRAINT SYSTEM FAILED. THE SAFETY BELT BECAME SO LOOSE THAT IT DIDN'T EVEN HOLD/RESTRAIN ME DURING THE TURN. THE SPEED METER ALSO FAILED AND IT SHOWED 0 AND EVEN THOUGH WHEN I WAS DRIVING. OTHER FAILURES INCLUDE HEADLIGHT AND TURNING LIGHT. THE RIGHT TURNING WOULD ALWAYS TURN ITSELF ON NO MATTER WHAT. I WAS ABLE TO PARK MY CAR IN A SAFE LOCATION BUT THIS REALLY SCARED THE SH*T OUT OF ME. WHEN I PRESSED THE BRAKE AND THE STOP ENGINE BUTTON, THE CAR DIDN'T EVEN SHUT DOWN THE ENGINE. OTHER FAILURES INCLUDE TPM MALFUNCTION, PARKING BRAKE REDUCED, PARKING ASSISTANT MALFUNCTION AND HEADLAMP VERTICAL AIM CONTROL MALFUNCTION. IT'S BEEN AN HOUR SINCE I CALLED FOR A TOWING CAR AND I'M WAITING ANXIOUSLY FOR IT WHILE MY CAR HAS ITS ENGINE ON THE WHOLE TIME. I OWN A 2011 X3 AND NEVER HAD ANY PROBLEM WITH IT. I BOUGHT THIS X5 IN MARCH AND IT ONLY HAS 2599 MILES ON IT. I CAN'T IMAGINE WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF EVERYTHING FAILED JUST WHEN I WAS DRIVING ON THE 101 HIGHWAY WHICH IS ABOUT 3 MINUTES BEFORE ALL OF THESE HAPPENED. DOES ANYONE KNOW WHAT I CAN DO? I DON'T KNOW IF I CAN TRUST THIS CAR ANY MORE EVEN IF AFTER THEY FIX IT. THIS IS SO DANGEROUS AND COULD BE A DISASTER IF IT HAPPENED ON THE HIGHWAY.
Official recalls
621V907000 · Fuel System, Diesel
Nov 19, 2021
BMW of North America, LLC (BMW) is recalling certain 2013-2018 328d, 328d xDrive, 2014-2018 328d Sports Wagon, 328d xDrive Sports Wagon, 2014-2016 535d, 535d xDrive, 2015 740Ld xDrive, 2015-2017 X3 xDrive28d SAV, and 2014-2017 X5 xDrive35d SAV diesel vehicles equipped with an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) module with an integrated cooler. The EGR cooler may leak internally, causing coolant to mix with diesel engine soot, which could result in smoldering particles and a melting intake manifold.
Consequence & remedy
Consequence: A melting intake manifold increases the risk of a fire.
Remedy: Dealers will replace the EGR cooler and inspect the intake manifold, replacing it as necessary, free of charge. This recall includes all vehicles previously recalled under 18V-755. Vehicles previously recalled under 18V-755 will need to have the new remedy performed for this recall. An interim owner notification letter was mailed on January 18, 2022. The remedy is expected to be available in June 2022. Owner notification letters were mailed on July 6, 2022. Owners may contact BMW customer service at 1-800-525-7417.
21V586000 · Fuel System, Diesel:delivery:fuel Pump
Jul 29, 2021
BMW of North America, LLC (BMW) is recalling certain 2014-2018 328d, 328d xDrive, X5 xDrive35d, 2014-2016 535d, 535d xDrive, 2015 740Ld xDrive, and 2015-2017 X3 xDrive28d vehicles. The high-pressure fuel pump may fail.
Consequence & remedy
Consequence: Fuel pump failure can cause an engine stall while driving, increasing the risk of a crash.
Remedy: Dealers will replace the high-pressure fuel pump, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed on January 14, 2022. Owners may contact BMW customer service at 1-800-525-7417.
18V755000 · Engine And Engine Cooling:exhaust System:emission Control:gas Recirculation Valve (egr Valve)
Oct 25, 2018
BMW of North America, LLC (BMW) is recalling certain 2013-2018 BMW 328d and 328d xDrive, 2014-2018 328d Sports Wagon and 328d xDrive Sports Wagon, 2014-2016 535d and 535d xDrive, 2015 740Ld xDrive, 2015-2017 X3 xDrive28d SAV and 2014-2017 X5 xDrive35d SAV vehicles equipped with an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) module with an integrated cooler. If the EGR cooler leaks internally, the coolant can mix with diesel engine soot. The high EGR temperatures may result in these particles possibly smoldering and melting the intake manifold.
Consequence & remedy
Consequence: The melting intake manifold can increase the risk of a fire.
Remedy: BMW will notify owners, and dealers will inspect and replace the EGR cooler as necessary. If a leak has already occurred, the engine intake manifold will also be replaced. These repairs will be made free of charge. The recall began May 13, 2019. Owners may contact BMW customer service at 1-800-525-7417.
16V683000 · Air Bags:frontal:driver Side:inflator Module
Sep 21, 2016
BMW of North America, LLC. (BMW) is recalling certain model year 2015 BMW X3 sDrive28i, X3 xDrive28i, X3 xDrive35i, X3 xDrive28d, X4 xDrive28i and X4 xDrive35i vehicles, and model year 2014-2015 X5 xDrive35i, X5 sDrive35i, X5 xDrive50i, and 2014 X5 xDrive35d vehicles. The affected vehicles have a driver's frontal air bag inflator that may have been improperly welded.
Consequence & remedy
Consequence: In the event of a crash necessitating deployment of the driver's frontal air bag, the inflator housing could separate from the base plate and result in metal striking the vehicle occupants, potentially resulting in serious injury or death.
Remedy: BMW will notify owners, and dealers will replace the driver's front air bag, free of charge. The recall began on November 1, 2016. Owners may contact BMW customer service at 1-800-525-7417.
15V147000 · Air Bags
Mar 13, 2015
BMW of North America, LLC (BMW) is recalling certain model year 2015 BMW X5 xDrive 35d Sports Activity Vehicles (SAV) manufactured August 19, 2014, to February 16, 2015, and 2014-2015 BMW X5 xDrive 35i, X5 sDrive 35i, X5 xDrive 50i, Sports Activity Vehicles (SAV) manufactured August 28, 2013, to February 16, 2015. In the affected vehicles, the Head Protection System (HPS) air bag may not be securely connected to the air bag inflator gas generator.
Consequence & remedy
Consequence: Without a secure connection to the inflator, the HPS air bags may have insufficient inflation during a vehicle crash, increasing the risk of injury.
Remedy: BMW will notify owners, and dealers will replace the Head Protection System, free of charge. The recall began on June 24, 2015. Owners may contact BMW customer service at 1-800-525-7417.
14V650000 · Seats
Oct 17, 2014
BMW of North America, LLC (BMW) is recalling certain model year 2015 X5 vehicles manufactured September 12, 2014,to September 21, 2014 and equipped with the optional rear comfort seat. The left rear seat belt attachment point in the affected vehicles may not have been sufficiently welded.
Consequence & remedy
Consequence: In the event of a crash, the seat belt attachment could break and fail to restrain a seat occupant, increasing the risk of injury.
Remedy: BMW will notify owners, and dealers will replace the left rear seat frame, free of charge. The recall began November 2014. Owners may contact BMW customer service at 1-800-525-7417 or CustomerRelations@bmwusa.com.
Model-level recall history does not show whether a particular VIN is affected or has received a repair. Check a VIN with NHTSA ↗
NHTSA investigations
2EA23001 · High Pressure Fuel Pump Failure
Opened Mar 17, 2023 · No close date supplied
Status: open (inferred from source dates) · Fuel System, Diesel:delivery:fuel Pump
The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened PE21-021 on October 14, 2021, to investigate incidents alleging a stall/loss of motive power as a result of high-pressure fuel pump failures in certain model year (MY) 2019-2020 Ram 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500 heavy duty trucks equipped with 6.7L Cummins turbodiesel engines. During the investigation, ODI sought to determine if the related defect allegation was limited in scope to the recalled population. After review of information request response materials from both FCA and BMW, NHTSA determined that sufficient information to identify a comprehensive recall population could not be produced by FCA and BMW.During the investigation FCA filed recalls 22V406, 22E048, 22V767, and 22E087 which include vehicles not identified in the initial subject population by ODI. ODI also received recall 21V586, involving loss of motive power due to failed CP4 fuel pumps on certain BMW manufactured vehicles. An information request letter response received from BMW indicated that failed pumps on their vehicles were caused by an interaction between pump internal components and US market diesel fuel, leading to increased slip and eventual particle-generating wear surface. Additional work will be done to identify whether a similar root cause is associated with the FCA recalled population and if similar wear dynamics occur on pumps supplied to vehicle manufacturers other than those included in the recalled population.ODI has upgraded this investigation to an EA in order to 1) determine engineering specifications of internal pump components that are correlated with pump failure leading to loss of motive power or other safety related hazards, 2) identify vehicle populations equipped with alleged defective pump variants, 3) assess if vehicles equipped with alleged defective pump variants result in an unreasonable risk to motor vehicle safety and 4) gather and review any other relevant information related to high pressure fuel pump failure associated with the subject populations of recalls 21V586, 21V880, 21E094, 22V406, 22E048, 22V767, and 22E087.Review of the above information will allow NHTSA to confirm root cause and recall remedy viability, and identify and evaluate vehicle populations equipped with pump components that may pose an unreasonable risk to motor vehicle safety.The ODI reports cited above can be reviewed at: http://www-odi.nhtsa.dot.gov/owners/SearchNHTSAID using the following complaint identification numbers: 11257550, 11351441, 11361603, 11361616, 11365300, 11365426, 11365858, 11366401, 11372337, 11373793, 11374797, 11376793, 11377871, 11378173, 11384377, 11386063, 11387018, 11399710, 11402550, 11415339, 11418868, 11418870, 11427075, 11434276, 11436807, 11437226, 11437249, 11437273, 11437292, 11437294, 11437394, 11437399, 11437403, 11437405, 11437423, 11437528, 11437565, 11437579, 11437580, 11437590, 11437679, 11437744, 11437781, 11437842, 11437993, 11438006, 11438008, 11438121, 11438138, 11438155, 11438392, 11438629, 11439359, 11439879, 11440397, 11443030, 11446542, 11448163, 11453556, 11458918, 11460558, 11469337
EA21002 · Desiccated Air Bag Inflator Rupture
Opened Sep 17, 2021 · No close date supplied
Status: open (inferred from source dates) · Air Bags:frontal:driver Side:inflator Module; Air Bags:frontal:passenger Side:inflator Module
From 2000 through 2017, Takata produced millions of air bag inflators using two types of phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate ("PSAN") propellant -- propellant 2004 and propellant 2004L. After prolonged exposure to high temperature cycles and humidity, inflators using propellant 2004 can degrade, causing the propellant to burn too quickly when ignited. The rapid burning can cause the inflator to rupture during deployment, potentially causing serious or even fatal injury to vehicle occupants. See 2016 Blomquist Report at www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/expert_report-hrblomquist.pdf.Consequently, all frontal inflators using propellant 2004 that do not contain a "desiccant" (a substance that traps and holds moisture) in US vehicles are under recall. These "non-desiccated" inflators either have been or are required to be replaced.In some cases, the remedy part for these recalled inflators was, or will be, an inflator using either propellant 2004 or 2004L that does contain a desiccant. None of these "desiccated" remedy parts (which were installed in older model year vehicles) are currently under recall for a degradation concern. Certain subsets of desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004 for use as original equipment, however, have been recalled for a degradation concern. All Takata inflators produced with propellant 2004L contain desiccant, and none of these desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L are under recall for a degradation concern. There have been no reported field ruptures in any non-recalled desiccated PSAN inflators.It is understood that desiccants fully saturate at some threshold, at which point any additional moisture will not be captured. This means the degradation process observed in non-desiccated inflators using propellant 2004 may also occur in non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004, assuming additional moisture enters the inflator and high temperature cycling occurs. Based on available information, desiccant saturation can occur within the first five years in the worst environments, and the time required for full saturation is affected by multiple factors. While no present safety risk has been identified, further work is needed to evaluate the future risk of non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004.Three entities -- Takata (now known as TK Global), the Independent Testing Coalition, and Exponent -- have been studying the long-term behavior of Takata desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004L (as well as 2004) in the presence of moisture and temperature cycling. The research efforts, which include development of predictive modeling techniques and field sample analysis, are ongoing. To date, none of the researchers have identified field evidence showing that propellant 2004L is undergoing a degradation process that leads to aggressive deployment and potential rupture. However, the time in service of such inflators remains short compared to that of the inflators using propellant 2004. Further study is needed to assess the long-term safety of desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L.The Office of Defects Investigation is opening this investigation to examine whether a safety defect related to propellant degradation exists in non-recalled desiccated PSAN frontal inflators manufactured by Takata. This investigation will require extensive information on Takata production processes and surveys of inflators in the field. Lists of recall actions that may have used desiccated PSAN inflators as remedy parts, as well as the makes and models originally manufactured with them, is available with the downloadable version of this document (see nhtsa.gov/recalls?nhtsaId=EA21002 -- note this information is subject to change/revision as the investigation proceeds). This investigation does not supersede EA15-001, which remains open.
Additional source detail variants (2)
Air Bags:frontal:driver Side:inflator Module
From 2000 through 2017, Takata produced millions of air bag inflators using two types of phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate ("PSAN") propellant -- propellant 2004 and propellant 2004L. After prolonged exposure to high temperature cycles and humidity, inflators using propellant 2004 can degrade, causing the propellant to burn too quickly when ignited. The rapid burning can cause the inflator to rupture during deployment, potentially causing serious or even fatal injury to vehicle occupants. See 2016 Blomquist Report at www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/expert_report-hrblomquist.pdf.Consequently, all frontal inflators using propellant 2004 that do not contain a "desiccant" (a substance that traps and holds moisture) in US vehicles are under recall. These "non-desiccated" inflators either have been or are required to be replaced.In some cases, the remedy part for these recalled inflators was, or will be, an inflator using either propellant 2004 or 2004L that does contain a desiccant. None of these "desiccated" remedy parts (which were installed in older model year vehicles) are currently under recall for a degradation concern. Certain subsets of desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004 for use as original equipment, however, have been recalled for a degradation concern. All Takata inflators produced with propellant 2004L contain desiccant, and none of these desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L are under recall for a degradation concern. There have been no reported field ruptures in any non-recalled desiccated PSAN inflators.It is understood that desiccants fully saturate at some threshold, at which point any additional moisture will not be captured. This means the degradation process observed in non-desiccated inflators using propellant 2004 may also occur in non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004, assuming additional moisture enters the inflator and high temperature cycling occurs. Based on available information, desiccant saturation can occur within the first five years in the worst environments, and the time required for full saturation is affected by multiple factors. While no present safety risk has been identified, further work is needed to evaluate the future risk of non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004.Three entities -- Takata (now known as TK Global), the Independent Testing Coalition, and Exponent -- have been studying the long-term behavior of Takata desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004L (as well as 2004) in the presence of moisture and temperature cycling. The research efforts, which include development of predictive modeling techniques and field sample analysis, are ongoing. To date, none of the researchers have identified field evidence showing that propellant 2004L is undergoing a degradation process that leads to aggressive deployment and potential rupture. However, the time in service of such inflators remains short compared to that of the inflators using propellant 2004. Further study is needed to assess the long-term safety of desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L.The Office of Defects Investigation is opening this investigation to examine whether a safety defect related to propellant degradation exists in non-recalled desiccated PSAN frontal inflators manufactured by Takata. This investigation will require extensive information on Takata production processes and surveys of inflators in the field. Lists of recall actions that may have used desiccated PSAN inflators as remedy parts, as well as the makes and models originally manufactured with them, is available with the downloadable version of this document (see nhtsa.gov/recalls?nhtsaId=EA21002 -- note this information is subject to change/revision as the investigation proceeds). This investigation does not supersede EA15-001, which remains open.
Air Bags:frontal:passenger Side:inflator Module
From 2000 through 2017, Takata produced millions of air bag inflators using two types of phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate ("PSAN") propellant -- propellant 2004 and propellant 2004L. After prolonged exposure to high temperature cycles and humidity, inflators using propellant 2004 can degrade, causing the propellant to burn too quickly when ignited. The rapid burning can cause the inflator to rupture during deployment, potentially causing serious or even fatal injury to vehicle occupants. See 2016 Blomquist Report at www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/expert_report-hrblomquist.pdf.Consequently, all frontal inflators using propellant 2004 that do not contain a "desiccant" (a substance that traps and holds moisture) in US vehicles are under recall. These "non-desiccated" inflators either have been or are required to be replaced.In some cases, the remedy part for these recalled inflators was, or will be, an inflator using either propellant 2004 or 2004L that does contain a desiccant. None of these "desiccated" remedy parts (which were installed in older model year vehicles) are currently under recall for a degradation concern. Certain subsets of desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004 for use as original equipment, however, have been recalled for a degradation concern. All Takata inflators produced with propellant 2004L contain desiccant, and none of these desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L are under recall for a degradation concern. There have been no reported field ruptures in any non-recalled desiccated PSAN inflators.It is understood that desiccants fully saturate at some threshold, at which point any additional moisture will not be captured. This means the degradation process observed in non-desiccated inflators using propellant 2004 may also occur in non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004, assuming additional moisture enters the inflator and high temperature cycling occurs. Based on available information, desiccant saturation can occur within the first five years in the worst environments, and the time required for full saturation is affected by multiple factors. While no present safety risk has been identified, further work is needed to evaluate the future risk of non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004.Three entities -- Takata (now known as TK Global), the Independent Testing Coalition, and Exponent -- have been studying the long-term behavior of Takata desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004L (as well as 2004) in the presence of moisture and temperature cycling. The research efforts, which include development of predictive modeling techniques and field sample analysis, are ongoing. To date, none of the researchers have identified field evidence showing that propellant 2004L is undergoing a degradation process that leads to aggressive deployment and potential rupture. However, the time in service of such inflators remains short compared to that of the inflators using propellant 2004. Further study is needed to assess the long-term safety of desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L.The Office of Defects Investigation is opening this investigation to examine whether a safety defect related to propellant degradation exists in non-recalled desiccated PSAN frontal inflators manufactured by Takata. This investigation will require extensive information on Takata production processes and surveys of inflators in the field. Lists of recall actions that may have used desiccated PSAN inflators as remedy parts, as well as the makes and models originally manufactured with them, is available with the downloadable version of this document (see nhtsa.gov/recalls?nhtsaId=EA21002 -- note this information is subject to change/revision as the investigation proceeds). This investigation does not supersede EA15-001, which remains open.
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