← New search

2020 Acura Rdx

Owner reports · Recalls · Investigations

More warning signs than most Rdx years

Owner complaints for the 2020 Acura Rdx are substantially higher than the model-year median of 36.5.

About this comparison →

When problems were reported

Mileage at the reported incident

Limited mileage data: 83 of 345 reports include usable mileage. There isn’t enough coverage to show a useful chart.

NHTSA’s mileage field refers to the reported incident, not necessarily the filing date. This shows report counts, not the likelihood of a failure.

What to inspect

Issues worth paying extra attention to based on owner reports.

  • Visibility/wiper. Review the 83 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Engine. Review the 53 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Electrical System. Review the 26 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →

NHTSA owner reports · September 18, 2026 snapshot.

4 crash reports1 fire reports3 injury reports

Power Train complaints

22 reports
Clear category filter
Mileage unknown · Jun 23, 2021
Power Train

I was on a three hour drive in the rain and around the 2.5 hour mark I attempted to overtake a vehicle by rapidly accelerating. The vehicle had a complete loss of power and the check engine light illuminated. The car would not accelerate however the engine was running. I had to get to the shoulder across multiple lanes withou…

Read full complaint

I was on a three hour drive in the rain and around the 2.5 hour mark I attempted to overtake a vehicle by rapidly accelerating. The vehicle had a complete loss of power and the check engine light illuminated. The car would not accelerate however the engine was running. I had to get to the shoulder across multiple lanes without engine power. The vehicle would only drive at idle speed until I powered the vehicle down and restarted at which time normal operation resumed and the check engine light was no longer illuminated. This is the second time this has occurred on a lengthy drive in the rain both times when attempting to overtake another vehicle. The latest occurrence was on April 10th 2021. The Acura dealership was unable to replicate or find any error codes in the ECU and directed me to corporate Acura to file a case. There's been no traction with that case and the vehicle remains unsafe to operate in the rain.

NHTSA ODI #11421972

Mileage unknown · Jun 22, 2021
EnginePower Train

While driving, the engine suddenly lost power and started blinking the engine light and went into the "limp mode" mentioned here: https://topclassactions.com/lawsuit-settlements/consumer-products/auto-news/nhtsa-report-2020-acura-rdx-lost-power-while-driving/ I was forced to pull over without power and wait with the engine off…

Read full complaint

While driving, the engine suddenly lost power and started blinking the engine light and went into the "limp mode" mentioned here: https://topclassactions.com/lawsuit-settlements/consumer-products/auto-news/nhtsa-report-2020-acura-rdx-lost-power-while-driving/ I was forced to pull over without power and wait with the engine off until it resumed normal function. This could have caused a crash without the power to drive on the highway.

NHTSA ODI #11421788

Mileage unknown · May 17, 2021
Power Train

My car's engine quit as I was about to make a right turn off a 6 lane road. It would not restart. By design, the transmission immediately goes into park (electrickly). There is no way for the driver to put it into neutral so it could be pushed or serviced by a flat bed tow truck. As a result my car blocked the turn lane requirin…

Read full complaint

My car's engine quit as I was about to make a right turn off a 6 lane road. It would not restart. By design, the transmission immediately goes into park (electrickly). There is no way for the driver to put it into neutral so it could be pushed or serviced by a flat bed tow truck. As a result my car blocked the turn lane requiring numerous cars to go around me putting my wife and I in danger of being hit. It also put the drivers of cars who were detouring around me in danger of collision with cars in the three thru lanes. The police placed one of their cars in the lane with lights on to mitigate the danger. They also tried to start my car un-succcessfully. The dealer repaired my car by replacing a defective "O" ring in the fuel pump pressure line. This was a recall item I had previously had done by the dealer

NHTSA ODI #11417485

13,000 miles · May 2, 2021
Fuel/propulsion SystemPower TrainVehicle Speed Control

IT WAS MILDLY RAINING AND I WENT TO ACCELLERATE ONTO THE HIGHWAY AND ALL A SUDDEN WITHOUT WARNING THE CAR STARTED TO VIOLENTLY SHAKE AND STUTTER AND THE CAR LOST ALL POWER AND I WAS ALMOST HIT BY ANOTHER CAR BECAUSE I LACKED POWER. THE VEHICLE THEN REFUSED TO ACCELERATE AND I HAD TO DANGEROUSLY GLIDE OFF THE HIGHWAY WITHOUT POWE…

Read full complaint

IT WAS MILDLY RAINING AND I WENT TO ACCELLERATE ONTO THE HIGHWAY AND ALL A SUDDEN WITHOUT WARNING THE CAR STARTED TO VIOLENTLY SHAKE AND STUTTER AND THE CAR LOST ALL POWER AND I WAS ALMOST HIT BY ANOTHER CAR BECAUSE I LACKED POWER. THE VEHICLE THEN REFUSED TO ACCELERATE AND I HAD TO DANGEROUSLY GLIDE OFF THE HIGHWAY WITHOUT POWER AND THE VEHICLE HAD TO BE TOWED. EVERY CHECK ENGINE LIGHT CAME ON. I THEN HAD THE VEHICLE FIXED AND THEY SAID IT WAS A PROBLEM WITH AN ENGINE COIL. THREE WEEKS LATER IN THE SAME SITUATION IN THE MILD RAIN THE EXACT SAME PROBLEM HAPPENED AGAIN. I WENT TO GET ON THE HIGHWAY IN A MILD RAIN THE CAR BROKE DOWN THE EXACT SAME WAY. I AM WAITING FOR IT GET DIAGNOSED AGAIN.

NHTSA ODI #11414777

2,700 miles · Feb 15, 2021
Power TrainVehicle Speed Control

ON 2 OCCASIONS WHILE ACCELERATING FROM A COMPLETE STOP, THE VEHICLE WOULD BARELY ACCELERATE BEYOND 5 MPH EVEN WHILE ATTEMPTING TO REACH NORMAL SPEED OF 35 MPH. THE VEHICLE RPM'S WERE AT 6,000 - 7,000 INDICATING THE ACCELERATOR WAS TELLING THE ENGINE TO PRODUCE PROPULSION, YET THE ONLY WAY TO CORRECT THE ISSUE WAS TO PARK, TURN O…

Read full complaint

ON 2 OCCASIONS WHILE ACCELERATING FROM A COMPLETE STOP, THE VEHICLE WOULD BARELY ACCELERATE BEYOND 5 MPH EVEN WHILE ATTEMPTING TO REACH NORMAL SPEED OF 35 MPH. THE VEHICLE RPM'S WERE AT 6,000 - 7,000 INDICATING THE ACCELERATOR WAS TELLING THE ENGINE TO PRODUCE PROPULSION, YET THE ONLY WAY TO CORRECT THE ISSUE WAS TO PARK, TURN OFF THE VEHICLE, AND RESTART THE ENGINE. THIS APPEARS TO BE A RE-OCCURRING ISSUE WITH THE TRANSMISSION / DRIVETRAIN / SOFTWARE THAT HAS BEEN KNOWN WITH ACURA TRANSMISSIONS SINCE 2016. DEALER COULD NOT FIND A FAULT CODE, DROVE THE VEHICLE FOR OVER 150 MILES AND COULD NOT REPRODUCE THE ISSUE. HOWEVER, THERE ARE NUMEROUS COMPLAINS ONLINE SHOWING THE SAME ISSUE INCLUDING A CLASS ACTION LAWSUIT THAT WAS FILED IN 2020. YET ACURA HAS ISSUED NO RECALL ALERT OR PERMANENT SOLUTION (CONFIRMED BY DEALER). ISSUES WITH THE VEHICLE QUICKLY DEACCELERATING AND ENTERING "LIMP" MODE HAVE ALSO BEEN REPORTED WHICH APPEARS TO BE SIMILAR IN NATURE AND ROOT-CAUSE BEING THE TRANSMISSION / SOFTWARE RELATED ISSUE. THIS PROBLEM CAN RESULT IN UNEXPECTED ENGINE FAILURE OR INABILITY TO OPERATE THE VEHICLE IN A HIGH-RISK SITUATION SUCH AS HIGHWAY DRIVING, CROSSING AN INTERSECTION, CAUSING A VEHICLE PILE-UP, OR WORSE. AFTER 4+ YEARS AND THOUSANDS OF REPORTS OF THE SAME ISSUE, A FEDERAL INVESTIGATION SHOULD BE INITIATED BEFORE A LARGER WIDESPREAD EVEN OCCURS SIMILAR TO WHAT HAPPENED WITH TOYOTA.

NHTSA ODI #11396339

4,314 miles · Sep 19, 2020
EnginePower TrainVehicle Speed Control

WHILE DRIVING NORTHBOUND ON I-75 THROUGH THE LEADING EDGE OF THE REMNANT OF HURRICANE SALLY ON 9/16/2020 MY VEHICLE SUDDENLY LOST SPEED CONTROL AND THE CHECK ENGINE ICON STARTED FLASHING. I MANAGED TO SAFELY PULL OFF THE INTERSTATE ONTO THE SHOULDER AND STOPPED THE ENGINE. AFTER REVIEWING THE OWNERS MANUAL I VERIFIED THAT THE GA…

Read full complaint

WHILE DRIVING NORTHBOUND ON I-75 THROUGH THE LEADING EDGE OF THE REMNANT OF HURRICANE SALLY ON 9/16/2020 MY VEHICLE SUDDENLY LOST SPEED CONTROL AND THE CHECK ENGINE ICON STARTED FLASHING. I MANAGED TO SAFELY PULL OFF THE INTERSTATE ONTO THE SHOULDER AND STOPPED THE ENGINE. AFTER REVIEWING THE OWNERS MANUAL I VERIFIED THAT THE GAS FILL DOOR WAS CLOSED. STARTED THE ENGINE AND HAD NO ICONS OR WARNINGS. I THEN GOT BACK ON THE INTERSTATE BUT ABOUT TWENTY MILES LATER THE CAR AGAIN LOST SPEED, 9 MAINTENANCE WARNINGS AND MULTIPLE ALARM ICONS LIT UP. THIS TIME THE MAX SPEED OBTAINABLE WAS ABOUT 20 MPH. I MANAGED TO DRIVE ON THE SHOULDER TO AN EXIT AND STOP. I CALLED ACURA AND THEY HAD AAA SEND A TOW TRUCK TO TAKE CAR TO THE DEALER IN MACON, GA. THE DEALER SAID TWO CYLINDERS WERE NOT FIRING AND NUMEROUS CODES WERE REPORTED. THEY WERE ABLE TO RESET THE COMPUTER TO ELIMINATE THE ALARMS AND TAKE IT OUT OF "LIMP MODE" BUT THEY COULD NOT SAY WHAT CAUSED THE PROBLEM OR WHAT THE PERMANENT FIX WOULD BE. MY VEHICLE HAD 4314 TOTAL MILES AND HAD ONLY BEEN OWNED FOR LESS THAN 3 MONTHS WHEN THIS OCCURRED. THIS COULD HAVE CAUSED A MULTIPLE VEHICLE WRECK RESULTING IN INJURIES OR DEATHS TO MY FAMILY AND OTHER MOTORISTS.

NHTSA ODI #11359997

811 miles · Sep 17, 2020
Fuel/propulsion SystemPower TrainVehicle Speed Control

WHEN ACCELERATING ON THE EXPRESSWAY, THE CAR SUDDENLY LOST PROPULSION WITHOUT WARNING. THE CAR WOULD NOT MAINTAIN A SPEED OR ACCELERATE. AFTER THE CAR STARTED TO SLOW DOWN, I HAD TO COAST TO THE SHOULDER OF THE EXPRESSWAY AND POWER CYCLE THE CAR. AFTER RESTARTING THE ENGINE AND TWO ATTEMPTS, THE CAR WOULD STILL NOT ACCELERATE.

NHTSA ODI #11355570

1,390 miles · Aug 10, 2020
Electrical SystemPower Train

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2020 ACURA RDX. THE CONTACT STATED WHILE DRIVING 35 MPH, WHILE DEPRESSING THE ACCELERATOR PEDAL THE VEHICLE FAILED TO ACCELERATE. THE CONTACT STATED SEVERAL UNKNOWN WARNING LIGHTS WERE ILLUMINATED. THE CONTACT WAS ABLE TO PARK ON THE SIDE OF THE ROAD AND STATED HE RESTARTED THE IGNITION AND CONTINUED TO DR…

Read full complaint

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2020 ACURA RDX. THE CONTACT STATED WHILE DRIVING 35 MPH, WHILE DEPRESSING THE ACCELERATOR PEDAL THE VEHICLE FAILED TO ACCELERATE. THE CONTACT STATED SEVERAL UNKNOWN WARNING LIGHTS WERE ILLUMINATED. THE CONTACT WAS ABLE TO PARK ON THE SIDE OF THE ROAD AND STATED HE RESTARTED THE IGNITION AND CONTINUED TO DRIVE HIS RESIDENCE BUT CONTINUED TO EXPERIENCE THE FAILURE. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT DRIVABLE. THE VEHICLE WAS TOWED TO LOCAL DEALER ACURA COLUMBUS LOCATED AT 4340 W DUBLIN GRANVILLE RD, DUBLIN, OH 43017, (614) 761-1222, WHERE IT WAS DIAGNOSED WITH LOW BATTERY VOLTAGE. THE CONTACT CONTINUED TO EXPERIENCE THE FAILURE. THE MANUFACTURER HAD NOT BEEN INFORMED OF FAILURE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 1,390.

NHTSA ODI #11348392

4,900 miles · Aug 5, 2020
EnginePower TrainVehicle Speed Control

WHILE DRIVING AT A CONSISTENT RATE OF SPEED ON A 65 MPH HIGHWAY THE VEHICLE SUDDENLY AND WITHOUT WARNING LOST ENGINE POWER. THE VEHICLE BEGAN TO RAPIDLY DROP SPEED AND THE CHECK ENGINE LIGHT WOULD BLINK WHEN THE ACCELERATOR WAS DEPRESSED. I WAS FORCED TO ABANDON THE HIGHWAY AND PULL OVER ONTO THE SHOULDER - NOT IN AN EMERGENCY L…

Read full complaint

WHILE DRIVING AT A CONSISTENT RATE OF SPEED ON A 65 MPH HIGHWAY THE VEHICLE SUDDENLY AND WITHOUT WARNING LOST ENGINE POWER. THE VEHICLE BEGAN TO RAPIDLY DROP SPEED AND THE CHECK ENGINE LIGHT WOULD BLINK WHEN THE ACCELERATOR WAS DEPRESSED. I WAS FORCED TO ABANDON THE HIGHWAY AND PULL OVER ONTO THE SHOULDER - NOT IN AN EMERGENCY LANE - IN BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH BOUND TRAFFIC BECAUSE THE VEHICLE WOULD NOT ACCELERATE OVER 20 MPH OR EXCEED 2,000 RPMS. AFTER 3 HOURS OF WAITING IN THIS DANGEROUS LOCATION ACURA ROADSIDE ASSISTANCE WAS UNABLE TO LOCATE A TOW TRUCK. I TURNED THE VEHICLE OFF AND BACK ON AND NOTICED THE CHECK ENGINE LIGHT CEASED BLINKING. I THEN PROCEEDED TO RETURN HOME AND THE PROBLEM RETURNED A SECOND TIME, THIS TIME ACCOMPANIED WITH NUMEROUS INDICATOR LIGHTS (E.G., AWD PROBLEM, ABS PROBLEM, ETC). THE VEHICLE WAS TOWED TO POHANKA ACURA IN CHANTILLY, VIRGINIA. I WAS TOLD THE FIRST TIME THEY CLEARED THE CODES THEY RETURNED, BUT AFTER A SECOND TIME THEY DID NOT. THEY WERE NOT ABLE TO REPLICATE THE PROBLEM, DID NOT FIX ANYTHING, AND SAID IT WAS CAUSED BY FUEL CHOICE. THIS IS SIGNIFICANT PROBLEM AND SAFETY RISK KNOWN TO ACURA. THERE IS A PATENT HISTORY OF ACURA CHOOSING TO NOT IDENTIFY THE ROOT CAUSE, ASSOCIATE THIS ANOMALY WITH FUEL CHOICE, AND RETURN THE VEHICLE TO THE OWNER. IN MY OPINION THIS IS A NEGLIGENT BUSINESS PRACTICE AND ACURA SHOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY INJURIES OR DAMAGES ASSOCIATED WITH THESE UNEXPECTED, UNANNOUNCED "LIMP MODE" EVENTS.

NHTSA ODI #11343575

13,657 miles · Jun 3, 2020
Power Train

MY 2020 ACURA RDX HAS NOW GONE INTO "LIMP MODE" 4 TIMES SINCE I HAVE PURCHASED THIS CAR. TWICE, I ALMOST WAS INVOLVED IN A ACCIDENT DUE TO THIS SUDDENLY LOSE OF ACCELERATION. IN "LIMP MODE" THE VEHICLE WILL NOT SHIFT GEARS AND YOU ARE FORCED TO TRY TO SLOW DOWN AND MOVE OVER TO A SAFE PLACE. YOU MUST THEN TURN OFF THE VEHICLE ~ …

Read full complaint

MY 2020 ACURA RDX HAS NOW GONE INTO "LIMP MODE" 4 TIMES SINCE I HAVE PURCHASED THIS CAR. TWICE, I ALMOST WAS INVOLVED IN A ACCIDENT DUE TO THIS SUDDENLY LOSE OF ACCELERATION. IN "LIMP MODE" THE VEHICLE WILL NOT SHIFT GEARS AND YOU ARE FORCED TO TRY TO SLOW DOWN AND MOVE OVER TO A SAFE PLACE. YOU MUST THEN TURN OFF THE VEHICLE ~ WHICH SO FAR HAS RESET WHATEVER ISSUE HAPPENS AND THEN YOU ARE ABLE TO DRIVE NORMALLY AGAIN. MY VEHICLE ONLY HAS 15,000 MILES ON IT. IN ALL INSTANCES I WAS DRIVING ON A HIGHWAY AT APPROXIMATELY 60 - 65 MILES PER HOUR, WITH WET ROAD CONDITIONS AND WAS ATTEMPTING TO PASS A SLOWER MOVING VEHICLE. WHEN PRESSING DOWN TO ACCELERATE, THE VEHICLE TRIES TO DOWNSHIFT, BUT IT PAUSES AND THE ENGINE LIGHT COMES ON ~ (LIMP MODE). I LOOSE ANY ACCELERATION AND AM FORCED TO TRY TO SAFELY MOVE OVER TOWARD THE EMERGENCY LANE TO TURN OFF THE VEHICLE TO GET IT TO RESET. SO FAR, THIS HAS AT LEAST ALLOWED ME TO CONTINUE ON MY TRAVELS. BUT THIS IS VERY ALARMING AND DANGEROUS, ESPECIALLY IF YOUR ON A TWO LANE ROAD TRYING TO PASS A SLOWER VEHICLE. *TR

NHTSA ODI #11327150

Official recalls

5

26V332000 · Air Bags:sensor:occupant Classification:front Passenger

May 21, 2026

Honda (American Honda Motor Co.) is recalling certain 2018-2021, 2023 Acura TLX, 2019-2024 RDX, 2017-2020, 2022-2026 MDX, 2017-2021, 2023, 2025 Honda Ridgeline, 2017-2022 Pilot, 2019-2021 Passport, 2018-2026 Odyssey, 2019-2022 Insight, 2019-2021 HR-V, 2018-2020 Fit, 2020-2022 CR-V Hybrid, 2017-2022 CR-V, 2017-2018, 2021 Civic Type R, 2017-2021 Civic hatchback, 2016-2020 Civic coupe, 2016-2022 Civic, 2017-2022 Accord Hybrid, and 2016-2022 Accord vehicles. The front passenger seat weight sensor may crack and short circuit, which can cause the air bags to deploy unintentionally during a crash.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: Air bags that deploy unintentionally during a crash increase the risk of injury.

Remedy: Dealers will replace the seat weight sensors, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed July 7, 2026. Owners may contact Honda's customer service at 1-888-234-2138. Honda's numbers for this recall are BOL, WO9, OOA, WOM, XOH, NOC, POD, BOE, UOF, POB, EOG, AOI, QO8, TOJ, DO7, and SOK. This recall expands previous NHTSA recall number 24V064. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) involved in this recall will be searchable on NHTSA.gov beginning May 29, 2026.

24V064000 · Air Bags:sensor:occupant Classification:front Passenger

Feb 1, 2024

Honda (American Honda Motor Co.) is recalling certain 2020-2022 Pilot, Accord, Civic sedan, HR-V, Odyssey, 2020 Civic coupe, Fit, 2021-2022 Civic hatchback, 2021 Civic Type R, Insight, 2020-2021 CR-V, CR-V Hybrid, Passport, Ridgeline, Accord Hybrid, 2020 Acura MDX, 2022 Acura MDX, 2020-2022 Acura RDX, and 2020-2021 Acura TLX vehicles. The front passenger seat weight sensor may crack and short circuit, failing to suppress the air bag as intended.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: An air bag that deploys unintentionally during a crash can increase the risk of injury.

Remedy: Dealers will replace the seat weight sensors, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed March 28, 2024. This is a phased recall. Owners may contact Honda customer service at 1-888-234-2138. Honda's numbers for these recalls are XHP and VHQ.

23V858000 · Fuel System, Gasoline:delivery:fuel Pump

Dec 18, 2023

Honda (American Honda Motor Co.) is recalling certain 2013-2023 Honda Accord, Civic Coupe, Civic Sedan, Civic Hatchback, Civic Type R, CR-V, HR-V, Ridgeline, Odyssey, Acura ILX, MDX, MDX Hybrid, RDX, RLX, TLX, 2019-2022 Honda Insight, Passport, 2020 Honda CR-V Hybrid, 2018-2019 Honda Clarity PHEV, Fit, and 2015-2020 Honda Accord Hybrid, Pilot, Acura NSX vehicles. The fuel pump inside the fuel tank may fail.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: Fuel pump failure can cause an engine stall while driving, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: Dealers will replace the fuel pump module, free of charge. Owner letters were mailed September 6, 2024. Owners may contact Honda customer service at 1-888-234-2138. Honda's numbers for this recall are KGC and KGD. This recall is an expansion of NHTSA recall numbers 21V-215 and 20V-314.

23V158000 · Seat Belts:front:buckle Assembly

Mar 9, 2023

Honda (American Honda Motor Co.) is recalling certain 2017-2020 CR-V, 2018-2019 Accord and Accord Hybrid, 2018-2020 Odyssey, 2019 Insight, and 2019-2020 Acura RDX vehicles. A manufacturing issue with the front seat belts may cause the seat belt buckle channel to interfere with the release button, preventing the seat belt buckle from latching.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: An unlatched seat belt cannot properly restrain the seat occupant during a crash, increasing their risk of injury.

Remedy: Dealers will replace the driver and front passenger seat belt buckle release buttons or the buckle assemblies as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed April 18, 2023. Owners may contact Honda customer service at 1-888-234-2138. Honda's numbers for this recall are NDA, QDB, BDC, MDD, LD9. TDF, FDG, ODH, YDI, ZDE.

21V215000 · Fuel System, Gasoline:delivery:fuel Pump

Mar 25, 2021

Honda (American Honda Motor Co.) is recalling certain 2019-2020 Acura MDX, MDX Sport Hybrid, RDX, TLX, Honda Accord, Civic Hatchback, Insight, 2019 Acura ILX, Honda Accord Hybrid, Civic Coupe, Civic Coupe Si, Civic Sedan, Civic Sedan Si, Civic Type R, Fit, HR-V, Odyssey, Passport, Pilot and Ridgeline, and 2018-2019 CR-V vehicles. The low-pressure fuel pump inside the fuel tank may fail.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: Fuel pump failure can cause an engine stall while driving, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: Honda will notify owners, and dealers will replace the fuel pump assembly, free of charge. Owner letters were mailed May 18, 2021. Owners may contact Honda customer service at 1-888-234-2138. Note: This recall is an expansion of recall 20V-314.

Model-level recall history does not show whether a particular VIN is affected or has received a repair. Check a VIN with NHTSA ↗

NHTSA investigations

0

No exact-year investigations in this snapshot.